The EU in the Eastern Mediterranean: Multilateral and Bilateral Relations

Asderaki, Foteini

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70554-1_2

Cited by 1 publication

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References 57 publications

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“…The EU has little to offer other than cash; the two ultimate incentives of EU membership and free movement are impossible for MENA countries, although the 2015 ENP review introduced some changes to simplify the Schengen Visa process for many countries, including Tunisia, Jordan, and Morocco (Infantino, 2016). Moreover, the EU's financial incentives seem to be dwarfed by other competing normative actors, whether by the European member states' programmes or the USA (Asderaki, 2021). In this context, access to the European internal market is undoubtedly the biggest incentive, as it can generate profitable trade deals.…”

Section: Incentives Offered: Outweighing the Costs?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Democratisation of The Southern Neighbours Since the “Arab Spring”: An Inherently Inadequate Approach

Mathlouthi

2021

IJSSRR

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This Article draws on the analysis of historical relations between the European Union and the Southern Mediterranean countries and highlights the main initiatives and consequences of the adopted practices of democratisation in the region following the Arab Uprisings. The main focus is on the continuity and limited changes in the new approach. One of the main findings is that the limited reform of the EU approach primarily resulted from the inherited political constraints. The net result was a set of structured security-orientated relationships that will continue to repeat earlier mistakes before 2011. The mechanisms of democracy promotion including conditionality remained inherently full of contradictions. The double standards in applying the conditionality principle in addition to the lack of significant leverage rendered the EU democratisation approach of the Southern neighbours inapt. Despite the 2011 ENP review promise of a substantial change in the EU democratisation approach, it seems that the EU’s initial euphoria following the “Arab spring” has waned as it seems to repeat the same old approach of liberalisation and securitisation of the Southern Mediterranean region rather than democratisation.

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Section: Incentives Offered: Outweighing the Costs?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The EU Democratisation of The Southern Neighbours Since the “Arab Spring”: An Inherently Inadequate Approach

Mathlouthi

2021

IJSSRR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The EU in the Eastern Mediterranean: Multilateral and Bilateral Relations

Cited by 1 publication

References 57 publications

The EU Democratisation of The Southern Neighbours Since the “Arab Spring”: An Inherently Inadequate Approach

The EU Democratisation of The Southern Neighbours Since the “Arab Spring”: An Inherently Inadequate Approach

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