The Etiology of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis*

Jawetz, Ernest; Thygeson, Phillips; Hanna, Lavelle; Nicholas, A.; Kimura, Samuel J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9394(57)91483-6

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Subsequently, due to its epidemic nature, the illness was called 'epidemic keratoconjunctivitis' (EKC) (Hogan & Crawford, 1942). The disease was characterized by severe bilateral conjunctivitis with a painful and distressing keratitis, severe photophobia and corneal opacities with variable degree of visual impairment for months to years (Jawetz et al, 1955a(Jawetz et al, , 1955b(Jawetz et al, , 1957. EKC was also described among German workers in the late 19th century.…”

Section: Journal Of Medical Microbiology 61mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human adenovirus type 8 genome typing

Adhikary

Ushijima

Fujimoto

2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Section: Journal Of Medical Microbiology 61mentioning

confidence: 99%

Human adenovirus type 8 genome typing

Adhikary

Ushijima

Fujimoto

2012

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The loss of antibody seen in the variation of the endemic pattern in three HIV-seronegative subjects and one seroconverter suggests that they were not exposed to these agents for approximately 4 years, from 1985 to 1988, given an average 2-year rate of decline of antibody to undetectable levels [Jawetz et al, 1957;Tai and Grayston, 19621. In contrast, antibody levels in these same subjects to endemic serotypes AV 2 and AV 7, usually transmitted by the respiratory route, remained high during this same period.…”

Section: Phasementioning

confidence: 96%

Seroepidemiology of new AIDS-associated adenoviruses among the San Francisco Men's Health Study

Crawford-Miksza

Schnurr

1996

J. Med. Virol.

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A seroprevalence survey to recently proposed adenovirus (AV) serotypes AV 48 and AV 49, isolated primarily from AIDS patients, was conducted among the San Francisco Men's Health Study cohort. This cohort of homosexual, heterosexual, or bisexual HIV-seronegative and -seropositive men from selected San Francisco census tracts has been studied since 1984. The presence or absence of type-specific antibody in 628 serum specimens from 1989 was determined by microneutralization. Thirty of these subjects (26 positive and four negative) were studied longitudinally. Serum specimens taken at 6-month intervals from 1984 to 1993 were tested to characterize antibody response and to document the advent of these new serotypes. Eight subjects were tested against five other AV serotypes for comparison. AV 48 and AV 49 seroprevalence rates were significantly higher in HIV-seropositives, but infection was not limited to the immunocompromised. Sexual preference was not a significant determinant for AV seroprevalence in HIV-seronegatives. However, the extent and duration of the neutralizing antibody response was strikingly different between homosexuals and heterosexuals: an endemic pattern of continuous reexposure over the 9-year period was seen in 90% of 19 homosexuals, while five of six heterosexuals (83%) had an episodic pattern of exposure with antibody decline to undetectable levels. These data suggest that these viruses may be endemic in some part of the homosexual population and that sexual transmission may be the primary source of continuous reexposure.

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“…HAdV infections of the eye may lead to pharyngoconjunctival fever, follicular conjunctivitis or epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC). The latter is commonly caused by species HAdV-D, particularly by serotypes 8, 19 and 37, whereas follicular conjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever are most frequently caused by HAdV-B serotypes 3 or 7 and HAdV-E4 [1,12,18]. Most EKC outbreaks are community-based and transmitted from person to person by fingers or have been reported to occur due to contaminated ophthalmologic solutions and instruments [5,8,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluation of sampling technique and transport media for the diagnostics of adenoviral eye infections

Wölfel

Pfeffer

Eßbauer

et al. 2006

Graefe's Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmo

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Based on our results, the following recommendations are provided to improve sampling, transport and diagnostic techniques regarding conjunctival swabs for diagnosis of human adenovirus infection: (1) application of local anaesthetics, (2) NaCl-moisturised VTS for shipment of specimens, and (3) detection of HAdV by qPCR. The latter method proved to be superior to virus isolation by cell culture, including subsequent identification by IFA, because it is faster, more sensitive and allows simultaneous handling of a number of samples. Hence, countermeasures to prevent further virus spread in an outbreak situation can be implemented earlier, thus reducing the number of subsequent adenoviral infections.

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The Etiology of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis*

Cited by 42 publications

References 11 publications

Human adenovirus type 8 genome typing

Human adenovirus type 8 genome typing

Seroepidemiology of new AIDS-associated adenoviruses among the San Francisco Men's Health Study

Evaluation of sampling technique and transport media for the diagnostics of adenoviral eye infections

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