The etiology of Bell’s palsy: a review

Abstract

Bell's palsy is the most common condition involving a rapid and unilateral onset of peripheral paresis/paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve. It affects 11.5-53.3 per 100,000 individuals a year across different populations. Bell's palsy is a health issue causing concern and has an extremely negative effect on both patients and their families. Therefore, diagnosis and prompt cause determination are key for early treatment. However, the etiology of Bell's palsy is unclear, and this affects its treatment. Thus, it is critical to determine the causes of Bell's palsy so that targeted treatment approaches can be developed and employed. This article reviews the literature on the diagnosis of Bell's palsy and examines possible etiologies of the disorder. It also suggests that the diagnosis of idiopathic facial palsy is based on exclusion and is most often made based on five factors including anatomical structure, viral infection, ischemia, inflammation, and cold stimulation responsivity.

Variations in the morphology of stylomastoid foramen: a possible solution to the conundrum of unexplained cases of Bell’s palsy

“…Consequently the nerve being entrapped in the unyielding, tortuous bony facial canal becomes ischaemic due to the increment of the endoneural pressure and compression of the neural vasculature. Hence, the swelling evidently leads to axonal degeneration and cessation of nerve conduction [8][9][10].…”

Показання І Протипоказання До Проведення Хірургічного Лікування Наслідків Ураження Лицевого Нерва

“…В етіології виникнення ураження ЛН слід особливо відзначити механічні його ушкодження при черепно-мозковій і краніофаціальній травмі, а також широкий спектр ятрогенних ушкоджень, пов'язаних із видаленням пухлин задньої черепної ямки (найчастіше -невриноми слухового нерва), завушної ділянки, а також з оперативними втручаннями при різних захворюваннях периферичної частини слухового аналізатора [4][5][6][7][8].…”

The Treatment of Facial Asymmetry with Botulinum Toxin: Current Concepts, Guidelines, and Future Trends

“…8 Because treatment of acute FNP should be conducted during the regenerative and not degenerative period, BoNTA was timed from 1 to 6 months after initial onset, as this is considered a sufficient period for cessation of Wallerian degeneration and onset of neural regeneration. 9 Critical assessment of medical history and individual variability in muscle strength and anatomy is vital. Severe pain may predict herpes zoster with development of a vesicular eruption, progression to Ramsay Hunt syndrome, and poorer prognosis for recovery.…”