The Etiology and Treatment of Nicotine Dependence: A
Biopsychosocial Perspective

Cohen, Lee M.; McChargue, Dennis E.; Cortez-Garland, Monica; Prensky, Eric H.; Emery, S.

doi:10.4135/9781412976770.n7

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 125 publications

(117 reference statements)

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“…15 We selected the emotional and tangible support subscales because they measure perceived availability of social support, which is less confounded by variations in social support needs and more consistently related to well-being than estimates of actual support received, social network size, or frequency of social interactions. 56–58…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Support, Social Isolation, and Burnout: Cross-Sectional Study of U.S. Residents Exploring Associations With Individual, Interpersonal, Program, and Work-Related Factors

et al. 2022

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Purpose To examine associations of social support and social isolation with burnout, program satisfaction, and organization satisfaction among a large population of U.S. residents and fellows and to identify correlates of social support and social isolation. Method All residents and fellows enrolled in graduate medical education programs at Mayo Clinic sites were surveyed in February 2019. Survey items measured social support (emotional and tangible), social isolation, burnout, program satisfaction, and organization satisfaction. Factors of potential relevance to social support were collected (via the survey, institutional administrative records, and interviews with program coordinators and/or program directors) and categorized as individual, interpersonal, program, or work-related factors (duty hours, call burden, elective time, vacation days used before survey administration, required away rotations, etc.). Multivariable regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between variables. Results Of 1,146 residents surveyed, 762 (66%) from 58 programs responded. In adjusted models, higher emotional and tangible support were associated with lower odds of burnout and higher odds of program and organization satisfaction, while higher social isolation scores were associated with higher odds of burnout and lower odds of program satisfaction and organization satisfaction. Independent predictors of social support and/or social isolation included age, gender, relationship status, parental status, postgraduate year, site, ratings of the program leadership team, ratings of faculty relationships and faculty professional behaviors, satisfaction with autonomy, and vacation days used before survey administration. Conclusions This study demonstrates that social support and social isolation are strongly related to burnout and satisfaction among residents and fellows. Personal and professional relationships, satisfaction with autonomy, and vacation days are independently associated with social support and/or social isolation, whereas most program and work-related factors are not. Additional studies are needed to determine if social support interventions targeting these factors can improve well-being and enhance satisfaction with training.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Support, Social Isolation, and Burnout: Cross-Sectional Study of U.S. Residents Exploring Associations With Individual, Interpersonal, Program, and Work-Related Factors

et al. 2022

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“…Benowitz (2008) noted that three of these criteria are relevant to tobacco use: nicotine is often taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than was intended, unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control tobacco use, and continuing to use nicotine despite the development of physical or psychological problems that are likely to have been caused or exacerbated by tobacco 9,22 . Cohen, McChargue, Garlan, Prensky and Emery (2003) stated that the DSM-IV criteria for the development of tolerance to nicotine and the experience of withdrawal are also relevant to tobacco use 26 .…”

Section: * Criteria From the Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Men...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tobacco addiction is due to the psychological and neurobiological effects of nicotine found in tobacco products. Repeated tobacco use in some specific situations (certain environments, emotional states, and psychosocial stimuli such as depressed mood and anxiety) automatically triggers smokers' desire for more tobacco use 9,11,22,26 . Hatsukami, Stead and Gupta (2008) argued that in addition to the physiological contribution of nicotine dependence, there are many other factors that play an important role in nicotine addiction.…”

Section: Etiological Risk Factors For Nicotine Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to neurobiological and psychosocial factors, the genetic factor is a risk factor for nicotine dependence. Nicotine dependence also varies across gender 11,23,26 . The proportion of tobacco users among men is much higher than among women in some countries such as Japan and Greece, but not in others, such as the United States and the United Kingdom 26,27 .…”

Section: Etiological Risk Factors For Nicotine Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have shown that nicotine withdrawal symptoms might persist for several months after quitting smoking. Nicotine withdrawal symptoms might increase over the 6 months after quitting, and then decrease or become sustained 9,26,30,31 .…”

Section: Neurobiology Of Nicotine Dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring the Neurobiology of Nicotine Dependence and Its Implications for Tobacco Use Treatment: A Literature Review Article

Saleh,

Altarawneh,

Elshatarat

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The prolonged exposure to nicotine and the development of nicotine dependence have significant implications for cancer risk. Tobacco use, driven by nicotine addiction, is a major contributing factor to the development of various types of cancer. Smoking tobacco, in particular, has been strongly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer, as well as other malignancies. The harmful chemicals present in tobacco products, including carcinogens, can cause DNA damage and promote the initiation and progression of cancerous cells. This article presents a comprehensive literature review on the neurobiology of nicotine dependence and its implications for tobacco use treatment. Nicotine dependence is a complex phenomenon involving various neurobiological mechanisms. When nicotine enters the body, it binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain's reward circuitry, triggering the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine. Over time, repeated nicotine exposure leads to neuroadaptive changes in the brain, resulting in increased motivation to seek and use the drug. Understanding the neurobiology of nicotine dependence is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Pharmacological interventions, such as nicotine replacement therapy and medications like bupropion and varenicline, can help individuals manage cravings and withdrawal symptoms. Additionally, behavioral therapies and counseling play a vital role in enhancing self-efficacy and providing support for smoking cessation efforts. By reviewing the existing literature, this article sheds light on the intricate neural pathways and processes involved in nicotine addiction. It emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional approach that combines pharmacological treatments and behavioral interventions to address the physiological and psychological aspects of nicotine dependence. This knowledge can inform the development of more targeted and personalized treatment approaches to help individuals overcome tobacco addiction and improve their chances of successful smoking cessation.

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Safe Zone

Youdin

2023

Circuit Breaking

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Chapter 9 teaches readers that harm reduction is a general term for a variety of strategies to keep people who are abusing psychoactive substances safe, to engage them in a nonjudgmental way, and to take pragmatic approaches to reduce harm associated with high-risk behaviors that people who abuse psychoactive substances experience. Harm reduction addresses the urgent need to avoid overdoses, injection-related diseases and infections, the use of contaminated psychoactive substances, and create a gateway for transitioning to psychotherapeutic treatment. The objective of harm reduction interventions is to provide safer healthcare initiatives and to create an environment where people abusing psychoactive substances have a high probability of accepting psychotherapeutic interventions to achieve not only abstinence, but also ultimately a state of recovered.

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The Etiology and Treatment of Nicotine Dependence: A Biopsychosocial Perspective

Cited by 3 publications

References 125 publications

Social Support, Social Isolation, and Burnout: Cross-Sectional Study of U.S. Residents Exploring Associations With Individual, Interpersonal, Program, and Work-Related Factors

Social Support, Social Isolation, and Burnout: Cross-Sectional Study of U.S. Residents Exploring Associations With Individual, Interpersonal, Program, and Work-Related Factors

Exploring the Neurobiology of Nicotine Dependence and Its Implications for Tobacco Use Treatment: A Literature Review Article

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