The Ethnobotanical Investigation, Phytochemistry and Antioxidant Activity of a Medicinal Plant Recipe Directed against Candida albicans and Enterobacteria Stains Producing ESBL CTX-M-15 Type in Burkina Faso

Abstract

Aims: The objectives are to carry out an ethnobotanical survey among traditional healers in order to choose the most recipe used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis in cities of Burkina Faso followed by phytochemical quantification, antioxidant activity and antimicrobial of the best recipe.
 Methodology: Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in Bobo-Dioulasso and Dédougou by semi-structured interview amount traditional healers. The extracts were obtained by ethanolic and hydroethanolic maceration. Characterization of the secondary metabolites was revealed by the tests in tubes. Polyphenolic compounds contents quantification was done by spectrophotometry using Follin-Ciocalteu reagent, aluminum trichloride and vanilic acid. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by two methods: DPPH• and FRAP. The Minimal inhibitory concentration on Enterobacteria strains was determined by the dilution method and the minimal bactericidal concentration was determined by inoculation on agar. The susceptibility test of Candida albicans strains was carried out using the disc diffusion assay.
 Results: In total, 52 traditional healers were surveyed with a predominance of men (75%) in the both cities. 38 recipes of medicinal plants have been obtained. Decoction is the most frequent method of preparation in Bobo-Dioulasso (87.5%) and in Dédougou (27.27%). The leaves (44%) and the bark of the trunk (31.82%) are respectively the most parts used of the plants. Colorimetric tests revealed the presence of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponosides. The best results of quantification tests of total phenolics, flavonoids and tannins, were obtained with the hydroethanolic extract (80.27±20.27(mgEAG/10 mg); 0.27±0.01(mgEQ/10 mg) and 73.31±4.65 (mgEC/10 mg)). With antioxidant activity, the highest value was obtained with the DPPH radical inhibition method (85.59±0.001%). Minimal inhibitory concentration revelead that the highest value was 0.781 mg/ml and the best minimal bactericidal concentration was 3.123 mg/ml.
 Conclusion: Phytochemical and biological analysis realized could be partially justified by the recipes used in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis.