The Ethics of Introducing GMOs into sub‐Saharan Africa: Considerations from the sub‐Saharan African Theory of Ubuntu

Abstract

A growing number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa are considering legalizing the growth of genetically modified organisms (GMOs

The Adoption of Genetically Modified Crops in Africa: the Public’s Current Perception, the Regulatory Obstacles, and Ethical Challenges

“… 15 , 24 Responsible practices are guided by ethical considerations that help to mitigate potential negative effects on biodiversity, social equity, and conventional agriculture. 25 , 26 However, the current regulatory frameworks are costly to local African institutions, ineffective with absence of transparency and extremely skeptical of risk. 1 , 27 As there are currently insufficient policies, regulations, implementation, and monitoring/surveillance frameworks concerning GMOs, most African countries do not have regulations pertaining to the use of GM crops compare to the rest of the words.…”

Even Chameleons Stalk Their Prey: Rinonyenga Rinohwarara Rinosumudza Musoro Rawana, Twenty-First Century Imperial Sleights of Hand and the Recolonisation of Africa

“…Sleights of hand are not limited to the colonisation of Africa because even in America, indigenous people were cheated into "signing" treaties that were subsequently used as bases for colonisation; besides, Australian Aborigines were assisted with "humanitarian aid" in the form of poisoned bread; and the indigenous Americans were also assisted with "humanitarian aid" in the form of blankets laced with smallpox; during the slave trade, some Africans were captured using some pieces of cloth as baits and the slave ships were named "Jesus" so as to lure unsuspecting Africans (Nhemachena, 2021a(Nhemachena, , b, 2022aDuffy, 1951). In the contemporary era, alluring ideologies of human rights, democracy, rule of law and good governance are dangled as baits to win the hearts and minds of Africans who are ironically denied restitution and reparations but provided with such generous liberal ideologies; in the contemporary era, Africans are receiving donations of controversial genetically modified food and food made using controversial synthetic biology (Pimbert and Barry, 2021;Komparic, 2015;Brankov et al, 2016;Blagoevska et al, 2021;Adenle, 2011); and also, in the contemporary era, Africans are receiving controversial nanovaccines manufactured using formulas which the global pharmaceutical corporations are refusing to disclose to the African recipients of the nanovaccines (Nhemachena, 2021a;Nandedkar, 2009;Azharuddin et al, 2022). All that Africans are receiving are Cecil John Rhodes-like assurances that the synthetic food, genetically modified food and nanovaccines are safe and effective even as millions are complaining of side effects, which may in fact be main effects.…”