The ethics of betel nut consumption in Taiwan

Tham, Joseph; Sem, Geoffrey; Sit, Eugene; Tai, Michael Cheng-tek

doi:10.1136/medethics-2016-103990

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…BQ chewing peaked in the 1980s, and consumption increased 10-fold from 1992 to 2011. Areca nut cultivation expanded considerably, with a 58-fold increase in the number of plants grown from 1981 to 1990, while only 4% of its production was for export [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Heterogeneous Dynamic Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Comparison between Taiwan and Thailand

Siewchaisakul

Sarakarn

Vatanasapt

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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Background. This study aims at investigating differences in oral cancer (OC) incidence trends between two populations in Taiwan and Thailand. Methods. We used the population-based cancer registry data from Taiwan (1979-2016) and Khon Kaen (KK), Thailand (1985-2016). We performed joinpoint analyses to detect the trend change points for the OC incidence and to quantify the time trends in both sexes and regions. Age-period-cohort curves were plotted to explain the incidence trends. Results. In Taiwan, the estimated annual increases in OC were approximately 6.0% in males, although the increase slowed after 2009, and 2.6% in females. In KK, the OC incidence steadily decreased by -2.5% per year in females, but there was no obvious change in males. A strong period effect observed in those aged 45-69 years in Taiwanese males resulted in a peak incidence in the middle age group. Decreased period and cohort effects were observed in females in KK. Conclusions. Taiwanese males are the predominant sex affected by OC in Taiwan, and the trend has decelerated since 2009. Age, period, and cohort effects were different between males and females in the two regions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in the Heterogeneous Dynamic Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Comparison between Taiwan and Thailand

Siewchaisakul

Sarakarn

Vatanasapt

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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“…Areca nut grows in several country such as Indonesia, Malaysia, India, Bangladesh, China, etc. Traditionally, areca nut are used for some medical use [46,47]. The major chemical properties of Areca nut are polyphenols (flavonoids and tannin), polysaccarides, proteins, fats, fibers, alkaloids, minerals, vitamin B and C [48].…”

Section: Evaluation Of Epithelial Thickness On Proliferation Phase Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Betel Quid Extract on Wound Healing Process in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)

Dewi

Fatonah

2019

AJAS

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Wound can be occured during dental treatment. In outline, there are several phases of wound healing; inflammatory phase, proliferative phase, and maturation phase. Various drugs in various forms are used to accelerate the healing process, but mostly they have side effects. Therefore, traditional medicine, such as betel quid consisted of betel leaf, areca nut, gambier, and calcium hydroxide, is developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of wound healing process in male Wistar rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were taken and divided into 5 groups:Â Group 1, 2, and 3 (K1,K2, K3)Â were given 5%, 10% and 15% concentrations of betel quid extract oinments; Group 4 (K4) was positive controlÂ (hyaluronic acid 0.2% oinment); Group 5 (K5) was negative control (placebo oinment). One mm- diameter of lower lip mucosal wounds on rats were created by usingÂ cylinder diamond bur. The oinments were applied twice daily for 10 days. The number of netrophils on first and third day were measured and the thickness of ephitelium on 10 days were determined. All groups ofÂ betel quid extracts exhibited the reduction of the number of neutrophils on inflammatory phase. Group 3 shown as the highest effect and had no significant different with positive control. Betel quid extracts in all groups also improved epithelial thickness on proliferative phase, in which group II and group III had no significant different with positive control. Betel quid extract had effect on wound healing process in male Wistar rats due to its ability in supressing inflamation and in increasing reepithelization.

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“…Several previously reported studies have also demonstrated the relationship between and betel quid chewing and liver diseases such as liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (13)(14)(15). Considering the harmful effect of betel quid chewing on human health and the negative impact of A. catechu on the environment, especially on soil and water conservation, cultivation of A. catechu is being discouraged by Taiwan government (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cumulative Betel Quid Chewing and the Risk of Significant Liver Fibrosis in Subjects With and Without Metabolic Syndrome

et al. 2022

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BackgroundBetel quid chewing is associated with metabolic disorders, oral cancer, cardiovascular disease, and chronic liver diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is also a factor associated with liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, studies on the relationship between betel quid and liver fibrosis while also considering MetS are lacking. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the association of betel quid chewing and liver fibrosis with MetS.MethodsA total of 9,221 subjects were enrolled after excluding subjects <18 years of age, with past history of chronic liver diseases, cancer, significant alcohol consumption, and incomplete data. Betel nut chewing habit was classified into three groups: none, former-chewing, and current-chewing, and cumulative exposure was calculated by multiplying the duration with the quantity. Liver fibrosis was evaluated based on the NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), which is a composite score of age, hyperglycemia, BMI, platelet count, albumin, and the AST/ALT ratio. Significant liver fibrosis was defined as NFS ≥-1.455.ResultsAfter adjusting for other variables, MetS was positively associated with significant liver fibrosis. Subjects with both MetS and betel quid chewing had a higher associated risk of significant liver fibrosis than those with neither MetS nor betel quid chewing (adjusted OR: 3.03, 95% CI: 2.04–4.50, p < 0.001). Betel quid chewing was associated with significant liver fibrosis (adjusted OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.14–3.49, p = 0.015) in subjects with MetS, but not in subjects without.ConclusionMetabolic syndrome increased the associated risk of significant liver fibrosis. Cumulative betel quid exposure increased the associated risk of significant liver fibrosis in subjects with MetS, but not in subjects without.

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The ethics of betel nut consumption in Taiwan

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Sex Differences in the Heterogeneous Dynamic Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Comparison between Taiwan and Thailand

Sex Differences in the Heterogeneous Dynamic Incidence of Oral Cancer: A Comparison between Taiwan and Thailand

The Effect of Betel Quid Extract on Wound Healing Process in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.)

Cumulative Betel Quid Chewing and the Risk of Significant Liver Fibrosis in Subjects With and Without Metabolic Syndrome

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