The Ethical Implications of HCI's Turn to the Cultural

Benford, Steve; Greenhalgh, Chris; Anderson, Bob; Jacobs, Rachel; Golembewski, Mike; Jirotka, Marina; Stahl, Bernd Carsten; Timmermans, Job; Giannachi, Gabriella; Adams, Matt; Farr, Ju Row; Tandavanitj, Nick; Jennings, Kirsty

doi:10.1145/2775107

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The above examples have highlighted a small number of exemplary issues that we believe are typical for the kind of prevailing third-paradigm HCI research and they demonstrated the limitations of anticipatory ethics in dealing with them. In defining starting points for developing an alternative ethics framework in response, we want to weave together the issues we identified through these examples, with those that were elicited in a similar fashion by Munteanu et al (2015) and Benford et al (2015) along with challenges identified in Action Research (Section 2.4), HCI (Section 2.3) and Responsible Science and Innovation (Section 2.5). Table 1 summarises this synopsis as a collection of challenges to current ethics with references to their sources.…”

Section: In-action Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Processes are unpredictable and outcomes, even methods potentially, unknown in advance. Ethical dilemmas emerge from the work, requiring a responses that go beyond the protocols developed (OutsideTheBox, Benford et al, 2015;Munteanu et al, 2015;Williamson and Prosser, 2002)…”

Section: Explorative Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…funding bodies, research cultures, socio-historical background, participants etc.) fundamentally shapes the ethical approach needed and requires situated judgements (Give & Take, Benford et al, 2015;Munteanu et al, 2015;Williamson and Prosser, 2002) Packaging Ethics is confined to a designated workpackage which fosters the notion that it is something that the majority of the project does not need to concern themselves with and can safely be left to the 'expert' (Give & Take).…”

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Action Ethics: Table 1.

2016

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The emergence of 'third paradigm' Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) was driven by the shortcomings of existing approaches to adequately describe and understand the ways people interact with a new breed of pervasive digital technologies in everyday life. In response, new approaches became situated, value-driven and participatory with a shift towards studying HCI in the wild. With technology reaching into every aspect of our lives, the ethical and moral responsibilities of designers and researchers have increased. However, while HCI's design and research methodology have become fluid and responsive to reflect the paradigm shift, ethics is still widely interpreted as a static, anticipatory and formalised process. In this article, we address this gap and propose In-Action Ethics as a novel framework that links anticipatory ethics with the practice of HCI research. We start by laying out the foundations for In-Action Ethics by reviewing relevant work in ethics and moral philosophy, and discuss the current state of ethical perspectives in HCI, Action Research and Responsible Science and Innovation. We provide two examples from our own work to show how situated, explorative and design-oriented HCI projects raise issues of ethical importance that formal ethics is struggling to manage. On the basis of our experiences and those of others, we start developing key qualities for an In-Action Ethics framework and show how those qualities can be operationalised in relation to the realities of existing structures by introducing the concept of ethos building and care. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS• Commonly used anticipatory and formalised ethics processes are insufficient to respond to third paradigm HCI ethical dilemmas. • Based on related literature and experiences from our own work, we develop qualities for a new ethics framework to fill this gap. • In-Action Ethics is situated and responsive, extending existing ethics structures that continue to provide important safeguards. • The concept of ethos building is introduced as a way to operationalise In-Action Ethics.

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Section: In-action Ethicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Explorative Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In-Action Ethics: Table 1.

2016

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“…Projects conducted in sensitive and emerging areas can raise new and complex ethical concerns for HCI researchers. In a recent issue of the ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, Benford and colleagues demonstrated that ethical issues in HCI are not confined to overtly sensitive settings, such as hospitals; ethics are also important to consider when conducting research in public places or when HCI collides with other kinds of work, such as the performing arts [1]. The increasing complexity of HCI research, and the diverse settings in which it takes place, means ethical issues are constantly changing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Encounters in Human-Computer Interaction

Waycott

Munteanu

Davis

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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In the HCI community, there is growing recognition that a reflective and empathetic approach is needed to conduct ethical research in sensitive settings with people who might be considered vulnerable or marginalized. At our CHI 2015 workshop on ethical encounters, researchers shared personal stories of the challenges and tensions they have faced when conducting HCI research in complex settings such as hospitals, with young mental health patients, in schools for children with disabilities, and with homeless people. These research contexts can present significant challenges for HCI researchers who would not typically receive the training that other professionals working in these environments would normally receive. From our discussions with attendees at the CHI 2015 workshop, we identified a number of ethical issues that researchers are grappling with. In this follow-up workshop we aim to build on the lessons learned and to generate pragmatic but sensitive solutions to manage complex ethical issues for HCI researchers working in challenging settings.

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“…Clearly it is important that research is conducted ethically, but criticisms have been made in HCI and other fields recently of the formalisation of ethics (e.g. Brown et al 2016, Benford et al 2015. One cause for concern has been incompatibilities with the kinds of certainty required in formal reviews about what will happen and what the ethical issues will be in a study, and the inherent uncertainties in deployment based and in the wild research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing ethics for a mobile app deployment

Rooksby

Asadzadeh

Morrison

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 28th Australian Conference on Computer-Human Interaction - OzCHI '16

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This paper discusses the ethical dimensions of a research project in which we deployed a personal tracking app on the Apple App Store and collected data from users with whom we had little or no direct contact. We describe the in-app functionality we created for supporting consent and withdrawal, our approach to privacy, our navigation of a formal ethical review, and navigation of the Apple approval process. We highlight two key issues for deployment-based research. Firstly, that it involves addressing multiple, sometimes conflicting ethical principles and guidelines. Secondly, that research ethics are not readily separable from design, but the two are enmeshed. As such, we argue that in-action and situational perspectives on research ethics are relevant to deployment-based research, even where the technology is relatively mundane. We also argue that it is desirable to produce and share relevant design knowledge and embed in-action and situational approaches in design activities.

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The Ethical Implications of HCI's Turn to the Cultural

Cited by 38 publications

References 56 publications

In-Action Ethics: Table 1.

In-Action Ethics: Table 1.

Ethical Encounters in Human-Computer Interaction

Implementing ethics for a mobile app deployment

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