The Ethical Course Is To Recommend Infant Male Circumcision — Arguments Disparaging American Academy of Pediatrics Affirmative Policy Do Not Withstand Scrutiny

Morris, Brian J.; Krieger, John N.; Klausner, Jeffrey D.; Rivin, Beth

doi:10.1177/1073110517750603

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 118 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Criticisms of the AAP and CDC policies by MC opponents have been consistently exposed as flawed (AAP policy 42 , 128 – 131 ; CDC policy 132 , 133 ). Convincing arguments have been made that it would be unethical to withhold information about the risks and benefits of MC from parents of boys 130 – 132 , 134 , 135 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure

Morris

Krieger

Klausner³

2017

Glob Health Sci Pract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure

Morris

Krieger

Klausner³

2017

Glob Health Sci Pract

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“…Despite strong evidence for MC, especially EIMC, conferring protection against penile cancer, contrary arguments have been presented . Those arguments have been criticized . For example, it has been stated that because penile cancer diagnosis in men is 1 in 100 000 the disease is very rare.…”

Section: Physical Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Legal, human rights and other arguments (presented below) have been invoked in opposing EIMC . Evaluation of those arguments have revealed flaws . Arguments criticizing the AAP's policy statement on ethical and legal grounds were followed by evaluations undermining the arguments used .…”

Section: Physical Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of those arguments have revealed flaws . Arguments criticizing the AAP's policy statement on ethical and legal grounds were followed by evaluations undermining the arguments used . Articles critical of the CDC's draft recommendations in 2014 69,329,358 have also been shown to contain serious flaws .…”

Section: Physical Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The statement in the Hippocratic Oath, “ I will prevent disease whenever I can, for prevention is preferable to cure ” is pertinent. Recent evaluation of the legal and ethical issues was provided by professors of law, bioethics, urology, medicine, and medical sciences in the International Journal of Children's Rights and the Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics . Rivin et al determined that given the strong evidence for diverse benefits and very low risk, in the light of current international conventions it would be unethical not to recommend EIMC …”

Section: Physical Harmmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review

Morris

Moreton²,

Krieger

2019

J Evidence Based Medicine

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Objective To systematically evaluate evidence against male circumcision (MC). Methods We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Results Database searches retrieved 297 publications for inclusion. Bibliographies of these yielded 101 more. After evaluation we found: Claims that MC carries high risk were contradicted by low frequency of adverse events that were virtually all minor and easily treated with complete resolution. Claims that MC causes psychological harm were contradicted by studies finding no such harm. Claims that MC impairs sexual function and pleasure were contradicted by high‐quality studies finding no adverse effect. Claims disputing the medical benefits of MC were contradicted by a large body of high‐quality evidence indicating protection against a wide range of infections, dermatological conditions, and genital cancers in males and the female sexual partners of men. Risk‐benefit analyses reported that benefits exceed risks by 100‐200 to 1. To maximize benefits and minimize risks, the evidence supported early infant MC rather than arguments that the procedure should be delayed until males are old enough to decide for themselves. Claims that MC of minors is unethical were contradicted by balanced evaluations of ethical issues supporting the rights of children to be provided with low‐risk, high‐benefit interventions such as MC for better health. Expert evaluations of case‐law supported the legality of MC of minors. Other data demonstrated that early infant MC is cost‐saving to health systems. Conclusions Arguments opposing MC are supported mostly by low‐quality evidence and opinion, and are contradicted by strong scientific evidence.

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Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?

Cohen‐Almagor

2020

SN Soc Sci

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The word "circumcision" comes from Latin circum (meaning "around") and cædere (meaning "to cut"). Cultural and religious justifications are employed to convince members of the community as well as outsiders that circumcision is reasonable and just. The purpose of the discussion is to suggest some cardinal changes to the practice of male circumcision in order to make it more humane and less painful to its subjects. Balancing between group rights and the rights of the child, it is essential to avoid unnecessary suffering. It is one of the liberal state’s obligations to protect the best interests of vulnerable third parties. The article opens with some preliminary data about male circumcision and then explains its importance in Judaism. It examines the medical reasons for male circumcision and the risks involved in the practice; subsequently, it discusses the critique of male circumcision. The article also highlights the points of agreement and disagreement between those supporting and opposing the ritual and insists that male circumcision should be performed by using anaesthesia. The final part of the article includes a proposal for humane male circumcision that considers religious sentiments and the rights of the child, aiming to strike a reasonable balance between competing interests. I hope the proposal will be debated in parliaments in the western world.

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The Ethical Course Is To Recommend Infant Male Circumcision — Arguments Disparaging American Academy of Pediatrics Affirmative Policy Do Not Withstand Scrutiny

Cited by 11 publications

References 118 publications

CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure

CDC's Male Circumcision Recommendations Represent a Key Public Health Measure

Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review

Should liberal government regulate male circumcision performed in the name of Jewish tradition?

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