The estimation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in intact cells of higher plant tissue

Hollander, H.; Amrhein, Nikolaus

doi:10.1007/bf00388265

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Contrary to results obtained with buckw heat hypocotyls [24,25], extracts from buckw heat coty ledons contained both PAL and TAL activities their ratio being strongly in favour of PAL. The average activity levels of PAL and TAL in the illum inated cotyledons were found to be 48.…”

Section: A Comparison O F Pal and Tal Activitiescontrasting

confidence: 48%

ʟ-Tyrosine as a Precursor of Flavonoids in Buckwheat Cotyledons

Margna¹,

Laanest²,

Margna³

et al. 1985

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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Section: A Comparison O F Pal and Tal Activitiescontrasting

confidence: 48%

ʟ-Tyrosine as a Precursor of Flavonoids in Buckwheat Cotyledons

Margna¹,

Laanest²,

Margna³

et al. 1985

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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“…In the first two cases the in vivo activity of the enzyme is limited, but the actual amount of enzyme, active plus inactive, in the tissue is high. These situations are apparently unusual and in many cases extractable PAL activity reflects in vivo PAL activity (3,16,27) and both are positively correlated with endproduct accumulation. Margna (36) and Laanest (33) have argued that PAL activity is not limiting to phenylpropanoid synthesis in most cases, but that substrate supply is the major limitation.…”

Section: >-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity and Physiological Responses of Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings to Herbicides

Hoagland¹,

Duke²

1983

Weed sci.

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The effects of 16 herbicides from 14 different chemical classes on levels of soluble protein, hydroxyphenolics, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll were determined in light- and dark-grown soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr. ‘Hill’] seedlings. Growth-reducing concentrations of the herbicides were supplied to 3-day-old dark-grown soybean seedlings in liquid culture. Soluble protein (per axis) was reduced by fluridone {1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4(1H)-pyridinone}, paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion), perfluidone {1,1,1-trifluoro-N-[2-methyl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)phenyl] methanesulfonamide}, and propanil (3′,4′-dichloropropionanilide) 24 or 48 h after treatment. In light-grown plants, soluble hydroxyphenolic compound levels were decreased on a per axis basis after 48 h by all chemical treatments except by atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], the methyl ester of diclofop {2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoate}, DSMA (disodium methanearsonate), fluridone, MH (1,2-dihydro-3,6-pyridazinedione), nitralin [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline], TCA (trichloroacetic acid), and 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid]. Total chlorophyll content in hypocotyls of these seedlings was decreased by fluridone, metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5 (4H)-one], norflurazon [4-chloro-5-(methylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3 (2H)-pyridazinone], paraquat, and 2,4-D, but others had no significant effect. Anthocyanin accumulation in hypocotyls of 48-h light-grown seedlings was decreased by atrazine, fenuron (1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea), metribuzin, norflurazon, paraquat, propanil, and propham (isopropyl carbanilate). Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity (previously reported work) was positively correlated with anthocyanin levels in tissues after treatment with these 16 herbicides, but not with glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine]. There was, however, no correlation between extractable PAL activity and chlorophyll, soluble hydroxyphenolic compounds, or soluble protein content. These results indicated that extracted PAL activities usually reflect relative in vivo activities and that PAL activity is limiting to phenylpropanoid synthesis in vivo.

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“…Enzyme activities for transaminases involving tyrosine and DOPA have previously been found in Papaver somniferum [15]. Using an enzyme assay which is based on the release of tritium from the 2-(and partially 3-)position of [2, H]tyrosine [20] and inserting ct-ketoglutarate as an amino group acceptor, the enzyme was assayed in the presence of pyridoxalphosphate. Tyrosine and DOPA transamination was found (Table V) to occur in a large number of cell cultures all known to produce isoquinoline alkaloids.…”

Section: Transaminasementioning

confidence: 99%

Distant Precursors of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids and their Enzymatic Formation

Rueffer

Zenk

1987

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung C

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The incorporation rates of labelled tyrosine, DOPA. tyramine. and dopamine have been investigated during the in vivo formation of the protoberberine alkaloid, jatrorrhizine, in callus cultures of Berberis canadensis. While tyrosine was equally well incorporated into both the isoquinoline (54%) and benzyl (46%) portions of the alkaloid, DOPA was almost exclusively (91%) transformed into the isoquinoline moiety. However, tyramine (25%) and to a lesser extent, dopamine (15%) were incorporated into the aldehyde-derived, benzylic half of the isoquinoline molecule as well. In order to investigate further the precursory roles of these compounds, select enzymes involved in tyrosine metabolism in alkaloid-producing cell cultures have been studied. The occurrence of tyrosine decarboxylase, phenolase, transaminase, p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate decarboxylase, amineoxidase and methionine adenosyl transferase was demonstrated in suspension cells of Berberis. These enzymes were partially purified and a preliminary characterization was performed. In the light of these and previous data, the differential metabolism of tyrosine and DOPA in the early steps of isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis is discussed. Conclusive evidence as to the biosynthetic origin of the phenylacetaldehydes which furnish the benzylic moiety of the alkaloids is precluded by the presence of both amineoxidase and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activities in these cultures.

show abstract

The estimation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity in intact cells of higher plant tissue

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

ʟ-Tyrosine as a Precursor of Flavonoids in Buckwheat Cotyledons

ʟ-Tyrosine as a Precursor of Flavonoids in Buckwheat Cotyledons

Relationships Between Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity and Physiological Responses of Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings to Herbicides

Distant Precursors of Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids and their Enzymatic Formation

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