The estimated atmospheric lead emissions in China, 1990–2009

Li, Qian; Cheng, Hongguang; Zhou, Tan; Lin, Chunye; Guo, Shuyu

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.025

Cited by 175 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Coal combustion has increased dramatically during the past two decades (Ewing et al, 2010). In China, Shanxi is one of the most important province for coal production and coal-related industry (Shi et al, 2003), and much of the coal used in coal-fired power plants, coking plants and others comes from Shanxi Province (Li et al, 2012a(Li et al, , 2012bLiang et al, 2010). In addition, the coking industry is a typical coal-related anthropogenic activity and important beneficial enterprise (Gorka, 2002;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, coal contains many types of heavy metals and metalloids, which are discharged into the environment in great amounts during the production process (Dai et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2010). Coal combustion and coking have been proved to be the main sources of many organic and inorganic pollutants (Dai et al, 2012;Ewing 0et al, 2010;Li et al, 2012aLi et al, , 2012bLiang et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health risks from the exposure of children to As, Se, Pb and other heavy metals near the largest coking plant in China

Cao

Duan

Zhao

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

333

112

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• The concentration of heavy metals and metalloids in environment and children's blood are observed around the Chinese largest coking plant.• The health risk assessments of children are analyzed.• Foods from the coking plant are heavily contaminated by As, Cr and Se.• Food Ingestion pathway contributes most to children's average daily dose for most heavy metals and metalloids.• Higher potentially non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks happen to the local children. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Coking influences environmental quality and poses high risks to human health as large amounts of heavy metals and metalloids are emitted into the environment from coal during the coking process. Health risks depend heavily on multi-pathway and element-specific exposures, which have, unfortunately, been rarely studied. In this study, children's health risks and exposure levels to As, Se, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, V and Sb) in the water, soil, dust, air and locally produced food were studied based on field sampling and questionnaire-based surveys around the largest coking area in China. Human blood samples were collected and analyzed to indicate the exposure levels. The non-carcinogenic risks to children mainly resulted from Cr, Mn, Pb, As and Sb, the levels of which were 3 to 10 times higher than the acceptable levels (1.0 × 10 −6 ). The carcinogenic risks to children were 30 to 200 times higher than the safe level (1.0 × 10 −6 -1.0 × 10 −4 ), which could be attributed to Cr, As and Ni pollution. The estimated risks mainly came from the pathway involving the ingestion of locally produced food, accounting for more than 85% in total for most elements. For As, the food ingestion and air inhalation exposure pathways both contributed approximately 50%, respectively. The high risks in this study highlight the attention paid to the health of children who live in the vicinity of coking activities and the importance of site-specific multi-pathway health risk assessments and food safety to protect potentially exposed children.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health risks from the exposure of children to As, Se, Pb and other heavy metals near the largest coking plant in China

Cao

Duan

Zhao

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

333

112

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is accepted that the principal sources of lead pollution are anthropogenic lead emissions, derived primarily from industrial activity and traffic emission (Li et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2000). Vehicle emission was one large source of anthropogenic Pb before the leaded gasoline was phased out (Ewing et al, 2010;Niisoe et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vehicle emission was one large source of anthropogenic Pb before the leaded gasoline was phased out (Ewing et al, 2010;Niisoe et al, 2010). After the phase out of leaded gasoline, it was established that coal combustion has become the principle source of atmospheric Pb emissions (Li et al, 2012). In some regions of China, lead in children's blood is derived mainly from coal-fired ash (Liang et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alongside the economic development, the industry has generated substantial environmental lead pollution, and was ranked as the third largest contributor to atmospheric lead emissions over the period of 2005(Li et al, 2012, this pollution threatened the health of local children (Shi et al, 2003). To investigate the level of lead poisoning in children living in the coking area, we selected a town in which the largest coking plant in Shanxi Province is situated as a typical model for assessment of BLLs in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children's blood lead around coking plant area

Cao

Duan

Zhao

et al. 2014

Environment International

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Lead exposure in the environment is a major hazard affecting human health, particularly for children. The blood lead levels in the local children living around the largest coking area in China were measured, and the source of blood lead and the main pathways of lead exposure were investigated based on lead isotopic ratios ( 207 Pb/ 206 Pb and 208 Pb/ 206 Pb) in blood and in a variety of media, including food, airborne particulate matter, soil, dust and drinking water. The children's blood lead level was 5.25 (1.59 to 34.36 as range) μg dL −1 , lower than the threshold in the current criteria of China defined by the US Centers for Disease Control (10 μg dL −1 ). The isotopic ratios in the blood were 2.111 ± 0.018 for 208 Pb/ 206 Pb and 0.864 ± 0.005 for 207 Pb/ 206 Pb, similar to those of vegetables, wheat, drinking water, airborne particulate matter, but different from those of vehicle emission and soil/dust, suggesting that the formers were the main pathway of lead exposure among the children. The exposure pathway analysis based on the isotopic ratios and the human health risk assessment showed that dietary intake of food and drinking water contributed 93.67% of total exposed lead. The study further indicated that the coal used in the coking plant is the dominant pollution source of lead in children's blood.

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Lead in the western South China Sea: Evidence of atmospheric deposition and upwelling

Chen

Goodkin

Boyle

et al. 2016

Geophysical Research Letters

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In recent decades, rapid industrial developments have increased lead (Pb) inputs to the South China Sea. To quantify the increasing variability, we investigated 170 years of skeletal Pb and Pb isotopes from an offshore, central Vietnamese coral. The Pb/Ca in the coral was 10–16 nmol/mol before the mid‐1950s and increased to more than 30 nmol/mol by 2000. While the regional phaseout of leaded petrol commenced in 2000, coral Pb/Ca continued increasing until 2004, possibly due to regional upwelling and the transport of previously emitted Pb from tropical Pacific waters. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio in the coral was 1.191–1.195 before mid‐1950s, suggesting natural sources. Since then, the ratio decreased, reaching ~1.165 in 2004. Lead isotopes show high linearity between natural and Chinese emitted Pb, with the latter contributing ~40%~60% of the skeletal Pb after 2000.

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The estimated atmospheric lead emissions in China, 1990–2009

Cited by 175 publications

References 28 publications

Health risks from the exposure of children to As, Se, Pb and other heavy metals near the largest coking plant in China

Health risks from the exposure of children to As, Se, Pb and other heavy metals near the largest coking plant in China

Isotopic ratio based source apportionment of children's blood lead around coking plant area

Lead in the western South China Sea: Evidence of atmospheric deposition and upwelling

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