The Essentiality of Certain Elements in Minute Quantity for Plants With Special Reference to Copper

Arnon, Daniel I.; Stout, P. R.

doi:10.1104/pp.14.2.371

Cited by 407 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The beneficial effects of Si are particularly distinct in plants exposed to abiotic and biotic stresses (Epstein, 1994(Epstein, , 1999Ma, 2004). However, Epstein and Bloom (2005) have recently modified the nearuniversally accepted definition of essentiality of elements established by Arnon and Stout (1939). Based on this newlyestablished definition, an element is essential that fulfils either one or both of the following criteria: (1) the element is part of a molecule which is an intrinsic component of the structure or metabolism of the plant, and (2) the plant can be so severely deficient in the element that it exhibits abnormalities in growth, development, or reproduction, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: A review

Liang

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

983

605

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Although silicon (Si) is the second most abundant element both on the surface of the Earth's crust and in soils, it has not yet been listed among the essential elements for higher plants. However, the beneficial role of Si in stimulating the growth and development of many plant species has been generally recognized. Silicon is known to effectively mitigate various abiotic stresses such as manganese, aluminum and heavy metal toxicities, and salinity, drought, chilling and freezing stresses. However, mechanisms of Si-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses remain poorly understood. The key mechanisms of Si-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants include: (1) stimulation of antioxidant systems in plants, (2) complexation or co-precipitation of toxic metal ions with Si, (3) immobilization of toxic metal ions in growth media, (4) uptake processes, and (5) compartmentation of metal ions within plants. Future research needs for Si-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: A review

Liang

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2007

Environmental Pollution

983

605

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“…The micronutrients which are needed only in trace amounts include boron (B), chloride (Cl), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silicon (Si), sodium (Na) and zinc (Zn). The term ''essential'' mineral elements (or mineral nutrients) were first proposed by Arnon and Stout (1939) who concluded that three criteria must be met for an element to be considered essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence, physiological responses and toxicity of nickel in plants

Sreekanth

Nagajyothi

Lee

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

189

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The focus of the review is on the specific aspects of nickel's effects on growth, morphology, photosynthesis, mineral nutrition and enzyme activity of plants. The mobility of nickel in the environment and the consequent contamination in soil and water is of great concern. Also, the detrimental effects of excessive nickel on plant growth have been well known for many years. Toxic effects of nickel on plants include alterations in the germination process as well as in the growth of roots, stems and leaves. Total dry matter production and yield was significantly affected by nickel and also causes deleterious effects on plant physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, water relations and mineral nutrition. Nickel strongly influences metabolic reactions in plants and has the ability to generate reactive oxygen species which may cause oxidative stress. More recent evidence indicates that nickel is required in small amounts for normal plant growth and development. Hence, with the increasing level of nickel pollution in the environment, it is essential to understand the functional roles and toxic effects of nickel in plants.

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“…In agronomy, Si is generally not considered an essential element. The major reason is that there is no evidence to show that Si is involved in the metabolism of plant, which is one of the three criteria required for essentiality established by Arnon and Stout (1939). Although agricultural soils are largely composed of silicate minerals, many soils contain an inadequate supply or are naturally low in plant available Si.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%