The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes

Kirwan, John P.; Sacks, Jessica; Nieuwoudt, Stephan

doi:10.3949/ccjm.84.s1.03

Cited by 258 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Physical activity has been shown to benefit several metabolic disorders, including obesity, diabetes and fatty liver disease (Kirwan et al, 2017). Older cross-sectional studies suggested exercise might prevent age-related bone loss (Krolner et al, 1983; Prince et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors

Kim

Wrann²,

Jedrychowski

et al. 2018

Cell

422

431

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Summary Irisin is secreted by muscle, increased with exercise and mediates certain favorable effects of physical activity. In particular, irisin has been shown to have beneficial effects in adipose tissues, brain and bone. However, the skeletal response to exercise is less clear and the receptor for irisin has not been identified. Here we show that irisin binds to proteins of the αV class of integrins and biophysical studies identify interacting surfaces between irisin and αV/β5 integrin. Chemical inhibition of the αV integrins blocks signaling and function by irisin in osteocytes and fat cells. Irisin increases both osteocytic survival and production of sclerostin, a local modulator of bone remodeling. Genetic ablation of FNDC5/irisin completely blocks osteocytic osteolysis induced by ovariectomy, preventing bone loss and supporting an important role for irisin in skeletal remodeling. The identification of the irisin receptor should greatly facilitate our understanding of irisin’s function in exercise and human health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors

Kim

Wrann²,

Jedrychowski

et al. 2018

Cell

422

431

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, these interventions lack a resistance training component, and this is particularly important where weight loss is accompanied by a loss of lean tissue (Baba et al, 1999;Brehm et al, 2005;Saris et al, 2000;Solomon et al, 2010). Increasing recognition of the role of lean mass in the regulation of blood glucose in T2D (Kirwan, Sacks, & Nieuwoudt, 2017;Srikanthan & Karlamangla, 2011) has prompted the American Diabetes Association to add 2-3 days of resistance training per week to their physical activity recommendations (Colberg et al, 2016). Nonetheless, while the addition of resistance exercise training to physical activity recommendations is a welcome step, the added exercise burden is unlikely to increase adherence to exercise recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional high‐intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes

Fealy

Nieuwoudt

Foucher

et al. 2018

Experimental Physiology

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Functional high-intensity training (F-HIT) is a novel fitness paradigm that integrates simultaneous aerobic and resistance training in sets of constantly varied movements, based on real-world situational exercises, performed at high-intensity in workouts that range from ∼8 to 20 min per session. We hypothesized that F-HIT would be an effective exercise mode for reducing insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We recruited 13 overweight/obese adults (5 males, 8 females; 53 ± 7 years; BMI 34.5 ± 3.6 kg m , means ± SD) with T2D to participate in a 6-week (3 days week ) supervised F-HIT programme. An oral glucose tolerance test was used to derive measures of insulin sensitivity. F-HIT significantly reduced fat mass (43.8 ± 83.8 vs. 41.6 ± 7.9 kg; P < 0.01), diastolic blood pressure (80.2 ± 7.1 vs. 74.5 ± 5.8; P < 0.01), blood lipids (triglyceride and VLDL, both P < 0.05) and metabolic syndrome z-score (6.4 ± 4.5 vs. -0.2 ± 5.2 AU; P < 0.001), and increased basal fat oxidation (0.08 ± 0.03 vs. 0.10 ± 0.04 g min ; P = 0.05), and high molecular mass adiponectin (214.4 ± 88.9 vs. 288.8 ± 127.4 ng mL ; P < 0.01). Importantly, F-HIT also increased insulin sensitivity (0.037 ± 0.010 vs. 0.042 ± 0.010 AU; P < 0.05). Increases in high molecular mass adiponectin and basal fat oxidation correlated with the change in insulin sensitivity (ρ, 0.75, P < 0.05 and ρ, 0.81, P < 0.01, respectively). Compliance with the training programme was >95% and no injuries or adverse events were reported. These data suggest that F-HIT may be an effective exercise mode for managing T2D. The increase in insulin sensitivity addresses a key defect in T2D and is consistent with improvements observed after more traditional aerobic exercise programmes in overweight/obese adults with T2D.

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“…Another recent investigation conducted in T2DM patients compared the effect of AET, lasting at least 30 min per day from 3 to 7 days a week, with RT [127]. It was observed that RT improved muscle strength by 10%-15% and exerted beneficial effects on lipid profile, blood pressure, bone mineral density, insulin sensitivity, and muscle mass [128,129].…”

Section: Exercise Training For the Management Of Diabetes Mellitus: Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Ischemic Heart Disease: Prevention and Therapy by Exercise and Conditioning

Crisafulli

Pagliaro

Roberto

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease are among the leading causes of death and disability in Western countries. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is responsible for the most severe signs and symptoms. An important strategy for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease is regular exercise. Remote ischemic conditioning has some similarity with exercise and can be induced by short periods of ischemia and reperfusion of a limb, and it can be performed in people who cannot exercise. There is abundant evidence that exercise is beneficial in diabetes and ischemic heart disease, but there is a need to elucidate the specific cardiovascular effects of emerging and unconventional forms of exercise in people with diabetes. In addition, remote ischemic conditioning may be considered among the options to induce beneficial effects in these patients. The characteristics and interactions of diabetes and ischemic heart disease, and the known effects of exercise and remote ischemic conditioning in the presence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, are analyzed in this brief review.

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The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes

Cited by 258 publications

References 56 publications

Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors

Irisin Mediates Effects on Bone and Fat via αV Integrin Receptors

Functional high‐intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Ischemic Heart Disease: Prevention and Therapy by Exercise and Conditioning

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