The essential omega-3 fatty acid EPA affects expression of genes involved in the metabolism of omega-6-derived eicosanoids in Daphnia magna

Fink, Patrick; Windisch, Heidrun Sigrid

doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3675-z

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…As both ARA and EPA serve as precursors for eicosanoids (Heckmann et al , b ; Schlotz et al ; Garreta‐Lara et al ), they play an important role for Daphnia ’s reproduction and the immune system (Martin‐Creuzburg et al ; Schlotz et al ; Fink and Windisch ). For example, ARA was shown to improve the survival and reproduction of D. magna exposed to an opportunistic bacterial pathogen (Schlotz et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both ARA and EPA serve as precursors for eicosanoids, a family of hormone-like substances such as prostaglandins, which are known to affect the reproduction, the immune system, and the ion transport physiology of both vertebrates and invertebrates (Stanley-Samuelson 1994;Stanley 2000). Nevertheless, studies investigating the eicosanoid pathway in Daphnia were mostly focused on the role of ARA (Heckmann et al 2008b;Schlotz et al 2012), while the relevance of EPA for the eicosanoid metabolisms was poorly understood until recently (Schlotz et al 2016;Fink and Windisch 2018). The relevance of ARA for Daphnia is further supported by the finding that daphnids accumulate significant amounts of ARA, both during starvation and feeding, either by direct uptake from the diet or by bioconversion of other available ω6-PUFAs (Kainz et al 2004;Schlechtriem et al 2006;Smyntek et al 2008;Burns et al 2011;Taipale et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Equal relevance of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the fitness of Daphnia spp.

Ilić

Werner

Fink

2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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Essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been recognized as a crucial factor that determines the trophic transfer efficiency in plankton communities. As many animals cannot synthesize the classes of ω3‐ and ω6‐PUFAs, the dietary availability of these PUFAs can constrain the fitness of freshwater zooplankton such as Daphnia spp. In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) is considered to be a crucial determinant of the transfer of biomass at the freshwater plant‐herbivore interface. In contrast to ω3‐PUFAs, the group of ω6‐PUFAs has previously been considered to be of less ecological relevance, although the potential role of the ω6‐PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4ω6) remains controversial. To investigate its potential role, we conducted dose‐response growth experiments with two Daphnia species, D. pulex and D. magna, supplemented with EPA or ARA, which allowed us to calculate EPA and ARA saturation thresholds for growth and reproduction of both Daphnia species. Our results provide evidence that not only the availability of ω3‐PUFAs, but also the availability of a ω6‐PUFA, namely ARA, can limit both the growth and reproduction of Daphnia spp. to an equal extent. The saturation thresholds for growth and reproduction were consistently, but not significantly, higher for EPA than for ARA in both Daphnia species. As shifts in phytoplankton community composition might result in environmental fluctuations in the dietary availability of ω3‐ and ω6‐PUFAs, our findings present a significant step in understanding the consequences of the ongoing global biodiversity loss for trophic transfer efficiency at the phytoplankton‐zooplankton interface.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Equal relevance of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the fitness of Daphnia spp.

Ilić

Werner

Fink

2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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“…For example, cladocerans are generalist filter-feeders (although they exhibit some selectivity, particularly regarding particle size; DeMott, 1982), with larger EPA contents (Hiltunen, Strandberg, Keinänen, Taipale, & Kankaala, 2014;Persson & Vrede, 2006) and faster growth and reproduction rates than copepods. However, certain zooplankton species can actively retro-convert dietary DHA back to EPA (in the case of cladocerans, see Fink & Windisch, 2018) and EPA to DHA (in the case of copepods, see Sargent, Bell, Bell, Henderson, & Tocher, 1995), although this process is considered to be energetically expensive. However, certain zooplankton species can actively retro-convert dietary DHA back to EPA (in the case of cladocerans, see Fink & Windisch, 2018) and EPA to DHA (in the case of copepods, see Sargent, Bell, Bell, Henderson, & Tocher, 1995), although this process is considered to be energetically expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copepods are more selective, with greater DHA content than cladocerans Persson & Vrede, 2006). However, certain zooplankton species can actively retro-convert dietary DHA back to EPA (in the case of cladocerans, see Fink & Windisch, 2018) and EPA to DHA (in the case of copepods, see Sargent, Bell, Bell, Henderson, & Tocher, 1995), although this process is considered to be energetically expensive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Browning reduces the availability—but not the transfer—of essential fatty acids in temperate lakes

et al. 2019

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Atmospheric changes are leading to the browning of northern lakes (i.e. increases in catchment‐derived dissolved organic matter [DOM]), consequently altering phytoplankton biomass and community composition. We hypothesised that lake browning and the concurrent increase in nutrients drive a shift towards greater cyanobacteria biomass. We further hypothesised that, as a consequence of this shift in phytoplankton, the content of ω‐3 (n‐3) essential fatty acids (EFA) in seston would decline, affecting the subsequent transfer of EFA to consumers across the plant–animal interface in pelagic regions of lakes. We tested these hypotheses in the epilimnion of 30 temperate lakes in Ontario (Canada), representing a gradient of lake browning, with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from 2 to 10 mg/L and total phosphorus ranging from 6.0 to 48.5 μg/L. In each of these lakes, the concentration and composition of DOM, the biomass of phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, and the EFA content of seston, cladocerans, and copepods were measured. An increase in aromatic DOM was associated with increased phytoplankton and cyanobacteria biomass. Due to the lower content of the EFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n‐3) in cyanobacteria, this increase in phytoplankton biomass was associated with a decline in EPA and DHA content in lake seston. However, there was no significant change in EFA content of cladocerans and copepods. This homeostatic (diet‐independent) EFA composition in zooplankton suggested that, as the phytoplankton community shifted towards more cyanobacteria with lower EFA content, the cladocerans and copepods may have met their nutritional requirements by relying on alternative food sources (e.g. heterotrophic ciliates and flagellates) capable of either trophically upgrading phytoplankton‐produced EPA and DHA, or synthesising EPA and DHA de novo. Results from this study indicate that increasing DOC from low (2 mg DOC/L) to moderate levels (15 mg DOC/L) may increase the importance of the microbial pathway in the trophic transfer of EPA and DHA from basal resources to zooplankton. However, this supplementary transfer of EFA through the microbial food web may not sustain high EPA and DHA levels in zooplankton when lake browning starts to limit primary production (>15 mg DOC/L).

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“…This variation in PUFA content is hypothesized to affect fish-induced diel vertical migration amplitudes (Werner et al, 2018). Fink & Windisch detail differential gene expression involved in the physiological pathways associated with the nutritionally highly important omega-3 PUFAs (Fink & Windisch, 2018). The authors demonstrate that the dietary availability of the omega-3 PUFA EPA affects the expression of some previously investigated genes that were almost exclusively dependent on omega-6 PUFAs.…”

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confidence: 99%

Preface: Blasts from the past and back to the future

2019

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Following the kind invitation of the organizers Christian Laforsch and Max Rabus, the 11th International Symposium on Cladocera gathered scientists from all over the world working on multidisciplinary aspects of Cladoceran biology. The meeting is renowned to house Cladoceran research from multiple disciplines including evolutionary history, host-parasite and predator-prey interactions, phylogeny, environmental genomics, population genetics, biogeography, systematics, and taxonomy. First being held in 1986 in Hungary, this meeting recurs every 3 years. The 11th meeting was held in Kulmbach, Germany, from September the 24th to the 29th, 2017, in the wonderful Plassenburg Castle in the margravial city of Kulmbach, Germany. During this 1 week, scientists from all around the globe coming from Austria,

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The essential omega-3 fatty acid EPA affects expression of genes involved in the metabolism of omega-6-derived eicosanoids in Daphnia magna

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Equal relevance of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the fitness of Daphnia spp.

Equal relevance of omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the fitness of Daphnia spp.

Browning reduces the availability—but not the transfer—of essential fatty acids in temperate lakes

Preface: Blasts from the past and back to the future

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