The essential materials paradigms for regenerative medicine

Amorphous polyphosphate, a smart bioinspired nano-/bio-material for bone and cartilage regeneration: towards a new paradigm in tissue engineering

“…-is physiologically suitable -is amorphous -has metabolic energy required for the maintenance of the extracellular supramolecular architecture -provides with monomeric phosphate units as essential building groups for bone (hydroxyapatite) formation -can be coated around (bio-inert) scaffolds -allows the integration of biologically active components, like peptides or drugs -is not only a scaffold supporting cellular growth but promotes growth and differentiation of cells. By this, polyP is en route to follow the formulated forward-looking concept 240,241 -is not only a solid, macroscopic polymer, designed ''with robustness in mind'' and ''manufactured by conventional engineering routes'' but is provided with the potential to selfassemble at the nanoscale in a dynamic process during which new biological functionalities are gained.…”

Synthesis and in vitro bioactivity assessment of injectable bioglass−organic pastes for bone tissue repair

“…The most important single requirement for a biomaterial is that it must be a biocompatible, i.e., generate the most appropriate beneficial cellular or tissue response in a specific situation [5]. All implantable devices must be proven safe for the intended applications through in vitro and in vivo experiments, and finally through clinical trials prior to final sales permission [6][7][8]. Therefore, it is accepted that even though research steps are advancing rapidly, some time lag will be required for novel products to enter the clinics.…”

The Physiological Inorganic Polymers Biosilica and Polyphosphate as Key Drivers for Biomedical Materials in Regenerative Nanomedicine

“…It is important to emphasize that any regeneration process requires an optimal physiological functioning of the cells, which depends on molecular and mechanical signals from the environment. 3 Both the cells in the tissue surrounding the defect, and particularly the cells within the areas to be repaired, must be supplied with growth factors and nutrients that support the anabolic repair pathways and, importantly, with metabolic energy (ATP or another energy-carrying molecule). 4 Not only intracellularly but also extracellularly, a sufficient supply of biochemically useful energy is important for the regeneration of the extracellular matrix (ECM).…”