The essence of problem-solving methods: making assumptions to gain efficiency

Declarative representation of strategic control knowledge

“…As a result, G and S end up being intertwined in this how control knowledge. This explains many difficulties encountered in reusing PSMs (Akkermans, Wielinga & Schreiber, 1993;Motta & Zdrahal, 1998;Ordavarn, 1996;Fensel & Straatman, 1998).…”

Knowledge modeling directed by situation-specific models

“…Marcus & McDermott, 1989;Eriksson et al, 1995;Fensel & Straatman, 1998). We first compare the modeling constructs comprising approach-specific conceptual knowledge models, then look at the model construction process that these approaches support, and finally discuss how these approaches deal with formalization and validation.…”

“…One of the items included in the ontology of a method is the method's competence, which reflects the function (goal) of the method (e.g. Fensel & Straatman, 1998). For example, the competence of the propose-and-revise method is defined in terms of assumptions like:…”

“…Currently, none of the leading knowledge modeling approaches produce knowledge models that capture strategic knowledge declaratively, including CommonKADs (Wielinga, Schreiber & Breuker, 1992), Steels' Components of Expertise, the Task-Structure Framework (Chandrasekaran, Johnson & Smith, 1992), and Problem-Solving Methods (e.g. Marcus & McDermott, 1989;Eriksson, Shahar, Tu, Puerta & Musen, 1995;Fensel & Straatman, 1998). The reason is that these approaches focus their modeling effort mainly on how a task is solved or on the solution strategy applied to the task.…”

A software architecture for knowledge-based systems

“…Bylander et al (1991) and Motta and Zdrahal (1996)). PSMs needs to introduce assumptions that reduce the problem to a size they can deal with (see Fensel and Straatman (1998)). The later discussed adapters are the speci®cation elements that contain the assumptions that have to be made to bridge the gap between both speci®cations.…”