The Esophageal Multimodal Pain Model: Normal Values and Degree of Sensitization in Healthy Young Male Volunteers

Krarup, Anne Lund; Simrén, Magnus; Funch‐Jensen, Peter; Hansen, Mark Berner; Hvid-Jensen, Frederik; Brun, J; Drewes, Asbjørn Mohr

doi:10.1007/s10620-010-1546-1

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A previous study has demonstrated that the number of participants sensitized to the different modalities is highest for the mechanical stimulation [16]. The present study also demonstrated that participants were sensitized by acid regarding mechanical stimulation but not consistently sensitized to thermal and electrical stimulations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Reproducibility has been proven for the multimodal model in esophagus [14,15]. Additionally, to increase reliability it has been recommended to include a training session before conducting a study where the protocol includes several visits of experimental testing [16]. Moreover, stimulating to the moderate pain threshold seems to be the best approach in studies of analgesic effects [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Randomized clinical trial: efficacy and safety of PPC-5650 on experimental esophageal pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers

Olesen

Nielsen

Larsen

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized clinical trial: efficacy and safety of PPC-5650 on experimental esophageal pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers

Olesen

Nielsen

Larsen

et al. 2014

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

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“…Sensitization to thermal and electrical stimuli, however, was not observed. Interestingly, in a previous study, acid‐induced oesophageal sensitization was observed for thermal as well as electrical stimulation, but the number of participants sensitized to the different modalities was highest for mechanical stimulations (Krarup et al., ). In our study, the absence of sensitization following thermal and electrical stimulations might have been caused by insufficient acid exposure, or because sensitization needs more time to develop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Does catastrophic thinking enhance oesophageal pain sensitivity? An experimental investigation

Martel

Olesen

Jørgensen

et al. 2016

European Journal of Pain

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Taken together, findings from the present study suggest that catastrophic thinking exerts an influence on oesophageal pain sensitivity, but not necessarily on the magnitude of acid-induced oesophageal sensitization. WHAT DOES THIS STUDY ADD?: Catastrophizing is associated with heightened pain sensitivity in the oesophagus. This was substantiated by assessing responses to noxious stimulation of the oesophagus using an experimental paradigm mimicking features and symptoms experienced by patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD).

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“…Krarup et al . quantified normal values for sensation to mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimuli in adult healthy males both before and after acid‐induced sensitization . Earlier studies in HV report that men are more sensitive to esophageal distention after acid perfusion than women .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The optimal order of stimulation modalities and reproducibility of the multimodal esophageal stimulation paradigm

Broers

Boecxstaens

Deloose

et al. 2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Esophageal hypersensitivity can be triggered by different stimuli. We use a multimodal stimulation model to study esophageal sensitivity to four sensory modalities: thermal, mechanical, electrical, and chemical stimulation. The optimal order of these stimulations needs further validation. Methods Esophageal sensitivity to thermal (heated saline solution), mechanical (balloon distention), electrical (block pulses with electrodes), and chemical stimulation (acid solution, 0.1 N HCl) was assessed in 10 subjects. In one session, thermal stimulation was performed first, followed by mechanical stimulation (“original protocol”). In a second session, mechanical stimulation was performed first, followed by temperature stimulation (“reversed protocol”). Besides, the impact of balloon distention speed (25 mL/min vs 50 mL/min) during mechanical stimulation was evaluated. Secondly, in order to establish reproducibility, independent control sessions of multimodal stimulations in 15 healthy volunteers were used retrospectively. Key results A significant difference in pain perception threshold for thermal stimulation was found between the original and reversed protocol (P = 0.046), indicating that mechanical stimulation can sensitize the esophagus to thermal stimulation. Balloon distention rate had no impact on sensitivity thresholds for mechanical stimulation. Concerning the reproducibility, there were no differences for thermal, mechanical, electrical, and chemical stimulation in any of the control sessions. Conclusions The optimal order of the multimodal stimulation protocol was to start with the thermal stimulation, followed by mechanical, electrical, and chemical stimulation. The optimal balloon distention rate was 25 mL/min. Multimodal esophageal stimulation generates reproducible perception scores in health and therefore provides a reliable method to assess esophageal sensitivity changes after interventions that may alter esophageal sensitivity.

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The Esophageal Multimodal Pain Model: Normal Values and Degree of Sensitization in Healthy Young Male Volunteers

Abstract: Normal values for healthy young men are now provided for the normal and the sensitized state. The percentage of subjects sensitized after acid stimulation are thoroughly documented, and depends on stimulation type and the cut-off value chosen.

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Randomized clinical trial: efficacy and safety of PPC-5650 on experimental esophageal pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers

Randomized clinical trial: efficacy and safety of PPC-5650 on experimental esophageal pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers

Does catastrophic thinking enhance oesophageal pain sensitivity? An experimental investigation

The optimal order of stimulation modalities and reproducibility of the multimodal esophageal stimulation paradigm

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