The Erythrina Gall Wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Invasion History, Ecology, Infestation and Management

Lin, Sheng-Feng; Tung, Gene-Sheng; Yang, Man‐Miao

doi:10.3390/f12070948

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Based on a feeding study conducted with Q. erythrinae from Hawaii on the Tanzanian host plant, Erythrina abyssinica, Messing et al, 2009 [15] disputed that the Tanzanian collections of Q. erythrinae by HDOA surveys could not be resolved as the same species. Therefore, exotic natural enemies should be used cautiously [37]. The African origin remains supported only by morphological identification [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Parameters and Host Specificity of Eurytoma erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Nagamine,

Yalemar,

Wright

et al. 2023

Insects

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Eurytoma erythrinae Gates & Delvare (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae) is an important biological control agent of the erythrina gall wasp (EGW), Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), an invasive species likely originating in eastern Africa that is a threat to Erythrina trees in Hawaii and worldwide. Thousands of Erythrina trees in Hawaii have succumbed to EGW since 2005 and died within a few years of infestation. The endemic wiliwili tree, Erythrina sandwicensis, an important component of Hawaii’s dry forests and one of few deciduous native trees, were severely impacted by this wasp. Early during the invasion by EGW it became evident that the endemic species may be driven to extinction, and exploration programs for natural enemies of the EGW started in December 2005. East Africa was selected as the starting point for natural enemy exploration owing to high native Erythina species richness. Several gall formers were found in Tanzania and a putative color variant type of Q. erythrinae was detected in association with three ectoparasitoids. During January 2006, the dominant parasitoid of this gall former was introduced to Hawaii and described as the new species, E. erythrinae. It was found in Ghana and South Africa attacking other gall wasp species on Erythrina. Eurytoma erythrinae was a voracious ectoparasitoid feeding as a predator on 1–5 adjacent EGW immatures to complete its development. Host specificity studies that included seven nontarget gall-forming species showed no evidence of attraction or parasitism by this parasitoid. Mean ± SEM longevity of host-deprived females (40.4 ± 2.2 days) was significantly higher than males (20.5 ± 1.1 days). Host feeding enhanced longevity of ovipositing females (51.3 ± 1.5 days). Female E. erythrinae is synovigenic, with high egg-maturation rate. Peak fecundity (105–239 offspring/female), host feeding biology, short life cycle (18.4 ± 0.1 days), and synchronization with the host were additional desirable attributes of this species. The parasitoid was approved for field release in Hawaii in November 2008. A total of 3998 wasps were distributed on six Hawaiian Islands, with establishment in less than a year. Impacts on high density infestations of EGW were sufficient to prevent tree deaths. Limited rates of parasitism on low-density galled leaves, flowers, and seedpods necessitated the consideration for releasing a second parasitoid, Aprostocetus nitens Prinsloo & Kelly (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). We report on the reproductive characteristics and host specificity of E. erythinae that could be of importance for classical biocontrol programs in areas with an EGW problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Parameters and Host Specificity of Eurytoma erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Nagamine,

Yalemar,

Wright

et al. 2023

Insects

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“…et al, 2011;Marquez et al, 2007). Relevant studies of Ethiopian origin are common and have been demonstrated, for example, in the Erythrina gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae and Hypolimnas butterflies (Lin et al, 2021;Sahoo et al, 2018). An alternative scenario is that the Hewitt, 2000Hewitt, , 2004.…”

Section: Population Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global population genetic structure and lineage differentiation of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

Tsai

Tzeng

et al. 2023

Medical Vet Entomology

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The bloodsucking fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that transmits potential pathogens mechanically. We conduct phylogeographic analyses of S. calcitrans to resolve its global population genetic structure for establishing baseline of molecular studies. Results from mitochondrial gene suggested that the major divergence of S. calcitrans predominantly occurred 0.32–0.47 million years ago (Mya) and the subsequent diversifications took place during 0.13–0.27 Mya. The Ethiopian region was deduced as the most likely origin of S. calcitrans and the Nearctic lineages were considered to have originated from Oriental or Palaearctic regions. Our results further revealed that each biogeographic region of S. calcitrans likely maintains its genetic specialty, and yet, those non‐monophyletic relationships were possibly caused by ancestral retention, dispersal with mammals, long‐distance migration, and the international livestock industries. Moreover, the three highly diverged Ethiopian lineages may be putative cryptic species that require clarification of their veterinary importance. Unravelling the genetic structure of stable fly and preventing gene flow among biogeographic regions through anthropogenic activities are thus pivotal in livestock industry administration, particularly genetic exchange among differentiated lineages that might lead to the consequence of ecological trait alterations.

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“…This wasp caused severe damage to Erythrina trees in these areas (Lin et al . 2021). In addition to chemical control measures, a parasitoid Eurytoma erythrinae Gates and Delvare (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), which also originated from Africa, was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands as a classical biological control agent and has effectively regulated the Q. erythrinae populations (Kaufman et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Erythrina gall wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae Kim (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), another gall inducer considered to be of African origin, has invaded several Asian countries and the American continents since the 2000s. This wasp caused severe damage to Erythrina trees in these areas (Lin et al 2021). In addition to chemical control measures, a parasitoid Eurytoma erythrinae Gates and Delvare (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), which also originated from Africa, was introduced to the Hawaiian Islands as a classical biological control agent and has effectively regulated the Q. erythrinae populations (Kaufman et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hundreds of billions of silent outbreaks: A historic outbreak record of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan, and its potential mechanism

Tokuda

Kawauchi

Matsuda

et al. 2022

Entomological Science

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Herbivore outbreaks cause serious damage to forest trees. In recent decades, outbreaks of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing inflorescence galls on Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae) occurred in the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan. We investigated the gall density on the islands and estimated the larval population on Miyakejima Island. We also surveyed seasonal changes in larval age structure, presence of natural enemies, larval cold tolerance, and thermal effects on the adult emergence. In addition, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses of S. castanopsisae populations among different localities. The gall density was particularly high in southern parts (from Miyakejima to Aogashima) of the Izu Islands. The gall midge seemed to have been expanding its range toward northern parts in recent years. On Miyakejima, the larval population was estimated to be approximately 158 and 36 bn in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Parasitoids were not found in the dissection of galls. A cold temperature treatment did not affect the percentage of adult emergence. Developmental zero and thermal constant during the period from larval departure to adult emergence were estimated to be 4.7 C and 588.2 C-days in males and 7.4 C and 476.2 C-days in females, and the adults were predicted to emerge in April. Populations in Kyushu were genetically distinct from those in Okinawajima and the Izu Islands, but a common haplotype was found between the latter two localities. These imply that S. castanopsisae on the Izu Islands may be a recent invasion, and the absence of natural enemies causes its outbreaks.

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The Erythrina Gall Wasp Quadrastichus erythrinae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Invasion History, Ecology, Infestation and Management

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Reproductive Parameters and Host Specificity of Eurytoma erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Reproductive Parameters and Host Specificity of Eurytoma erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Erythrina Gall Wasp, Quadrastichus erythrinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Global population genetic structure and lineage differentiation of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans

Hundreds of billions of silent outbreaks: A historic outbreak record of the gall midge Schizomyia castanopsisae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on the Izu Islands, Tokyo, Japan, and its potential mechanism

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