The eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, December 14, 1989-August 31, 1990

Brantley, Steven R.

doi:10.3133/cir1061

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Redoubt Volcano, Cook Inlet, Alaska (60.5°N, 152.7°W), is 283 km southwest of Anchorage. The Redoubt eruption of 1989–1990 lasted from 14 December until 31 August and consisted of ash eruptions and dome extrusions accompanied by block and ash flows that had ash clouds associated with them [ Brandtley , 1990]. We studied two ash samples collected in February 1990, from ashfalls of the earlier part of Redoubt's eruptive sequence.…”

Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering matrices of volcanic ash particles of Mount St. Helens, Redoubt, and Mount Spurr Volcanoes

et al. 2004

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[1] We present measurements of the whole scattering matrix as a function of the scattering angle at a wavelength of 632.8 nm in the scattering angle range 3°-174°of randomly oriented particles taken from seven samples of volcanic ashes corresponding to four different volcanic eruptions: the 18 May 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption, the [1989][1990] Redoubt eruption, and the 18 August and 17 September 1992 Mount Spurr eruptions. The samples were collected at different distances from the vent. The samples studied contain large mass fractions of fine particles and were chosen to represent ash that could remain in the atmosphere for at least hours or days. They include fine ashfall samples that fell at a variety of distances from the volcano and pyroclastic flows that retained their fine fractions. Together, they represent a range of ashes likely to remain in the atmosphere in volcanic clouds following eruptions from convergent plate boundary volcanoes, Earth's most important group of explosive sources of ash. All measured scattering matrix elements are confined to rather limited domains when plotted as functions of the scattering angle following the general trends presented by irregular mineral particles. This similarity in the scattering behavior justifies the construction of an average scattering matrix for volcanic ash particles as a function of the scattering angle. To facilitate the use of the average scattering matrix for multiple-scattering calculations with polarization included, we present a synthetic scattering matrix based on the average scattering matrix for volcanic ashes and the assumption that the diffraction forward scattering peak is the same for randomly oriented nonspherical particles and projected-surface-area-equivalent spheres. This synthetic scattering matrix is normalized so that the average of its 1-1 element over all directions equals unity. It is available in the full range from 0°to 180°and can be used, for example, for interpretation of remote-sensing data after a volcanic eruption when the actual properties of the volcanic ash are not known. The measured results for the Mount St. Helens sample have been compared with results of Lorenz-Mie calculations for projected-surface-area-equivalent spheres with the refractive index of the Mount St. Helens particles. We find strong differences between measured and calculated values.

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Section: Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scattering matrices of volcanic ash particles of Mount St. Helens, Redoubt, and Mount Spurr Volcanoes

et al. 2004

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“…Beyond the terminus of the glacier, flows dropped much of their sediment load (debulked) and were attenuated along the more gently sloping flood plain of the river. Nevertheless, the floods forced several temporary evacuations of an oil-storage and tankerloading facility near the mouth of the river, 34 km from the volcano (Brantley, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flood generation and destruction of “Drift” Glacier by the 1989–90 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Trabant

Meyer

1992

Ann. Glaciol.

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ABSTRACT. Mid-winter flooding of the Drift River was caused by melting of snow and glacier ice during the 1989-90 eruption of Redoubt Volcano. "Drift" Glacier (unofficial name) was beheaded when 110 to 120 x 10 6 m 3 of perennial snow and ice were mechanically entrained by the four largest volcanically initiated flows. The flow volumes were increased by incorporation of the seasonal snowpack on the lower glacier surface and in the flooded river valley. The seasonal snow contributed a volume equivalent to about 35 X 10 6 m 3 of water to the flows, increasing the cumulative flood volume by almost 30%. No large amounts of mel twater were stored on or under the glacier before any of the flows took place. The threat of flooding was significantly reduced after the second major eruption removed the remainder of the easily erodible snow and ice.

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“…Satellite remote sensing and ash dispersion modeling are proven techniques to mitigate hazard associated with airborne ash [ Brantley , 1990; Kienle et al , 1990; Tanaka , 1991; Dean et al , 1998]. Thermal infrared images from GOES (Geostationary Environmental Satellite) and AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) satellites have been particularly useful for detection of airborne ash clouds [ Matson , 1984; Prata , 1989; Holasek and Rose , 1991; Dean et al , 1994a, 1994b, 1998, 2002; Holasek and Self , 1995; Schneider et al , 1995, 1999, 2000; Searcy et al , 1998].…”

Section: Premise and Goal Of The Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite analysis and PUFF simulation of the eruptive cloud generated by the Mount Etna paroxysm of 22 July 1998

et al. 2002

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[1] We applied the PUFF algorithm [Searcy et al., 1998] to simulate the space-time evolution of the eruptive cloud generated by one of the main paroxysms to have occurred this past century at Etna volcano, namely the 22 July 1998 explosive event at the Voragine summit crater. The comparison of PUFF simulations to satellite images of the ash cloud at different times allowed us to estimate several parameters of the eruptive event, such as onset time, duration, ash cloud height and shape, and pyroclast size. Based on this analysis, we concluded that the paroxysm started around 1645 GMT, lasted between 20 and 40 min, and generated a Poissonian-shaped ash column nearly 13 km high and composed of particles with a mean diameter (MD) of 10 À3 m and size logarithmic standard deviation (LSD) equal to 1.5. The PUFF simulations using horizontal and vertical diffusivity values of 5000 and 10 m 2 s À1 , respectively, provided the best agreement to the eruption clouds observed on satellite images. The results were compared to the information available in the literature concerning the eruption, e.g., volcanological, video camera, and volcanic tremor data. The analysis showed that the method of simulating the eruptive clouds and comparing simulations to satellite images can give a contribution to the study of paroxysmal events generated by the Etna volcano. Also, the degree of accuracy of the cloud simulation leads us to be optimistic about the potential of using this method as a tool for hazard mitigation in the Etna region, with particular applications to air traffic.

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The eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska, December 14, 1989-August 31, 1990

Cited by 22 publications

References 4 publications

Scattering matrices of volcanic ash particles of Mount St. Helens, Redoubt, and Mount Spurr Volcanoes

Scattering matrices of volcanic ash particles of Mount St. Helens, Redoubt, and Mount Spurr Volcanoes

Flood generation and destruction of “Drift” Glacier by the 1989–90 eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska

Satellite analysis and PUFF simulation of the eruptive cloud generated by the Mount Etna paroxysm of 22 July 1998

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