The Eruption of Mount Kelud in 1919: Its Impact and Mitigation Efforts

Nawiyanto,; Sasmita, Nurhadi

doi:10.2991/icssis-18.2019.25

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Mt. Kelud has erupted more than 30 times since 1000 AD (Nawiyanto and Nurhadi. 2019), including the most recent significant eruptions in 1990 and 2014 (Goode et al 2019;Maeno et al 2019;Nakada et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery after volcanic ash deposition: vegetation effects on soil organic carbon, soil structure and infiltration rates

et al. 2022

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Background and purpose Volcanic eruptions of pyroclastic tephra, including the ash-sized fraction (< 2 mm; referred to as volcanic ash), have negative direct impacts on soil quality. The intensity (deposit thickness, particle-size distribution) and frequency (return period) of tephra deposition influence soil formation. Vulnerability and subsequent recovery (resilience) of the plant-soil system depend on land-uses (vegetation and management). Few previous studies covered the whole deposition-recovery cycle. We investigated the volcanic ash deposition effects on soil properties and their recovery across land-uses on a densely populated volcanic slope. Methods We measured the canopy cover and volcanic ash thickness six years after the 2014 Mt. Kelud eruption in four land-use systems: remnant (degraded) forests, complex agroforestry, simple agroforestry, and annual crops. Each system was monitored in three landscape replicates (total 12 plots). For the soil recovery study, we measured litter thickness, soil texture, Corg, soil C stocks, aggregate stability, porosity, and soil infiltration in three different observation periods (pre-eruption, three, and six years after eruption). Results Post-eruption volcanic ash thickness varied between land-use systems and was influenced by the plots slope position rather than canopy cover. The average soil texture and porosity did not vary significantly between the periods. Surface volcanic ash and soil layers initially had low aggregate stability and limited soil infiltration, demonstrating hydrophobicity. While Corg slowly increased from low levels in the fresh volcanic ash, surface litter layer, aggregate stability, and soil infiltration quickly recovered. Conclusions Different land-use management resulted in different recovery trajectories of soil physical properties and function over the medium to long term after volcanic ash deposition.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery after volcanic ash deposition: vegetation effects on soil organic carbon, soil structure and infiltration rates

et al. 2022

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“…The overlap of the Mondaca 2 lava flow over the laharic debris flow deposit demonstrate that the former ~0.44 km 3 Mondaca lake occurred as a direct consequence of the damming effect caused by Mondaca 1 lava flow. The high mobility of the lahar flow is demonstrated when compared to the parameters that characterized the lahar flow produced by the Kelut volcano crater lake rupture during the 1919 eruption, Indonesia (Nawiyanto and Sasmita, 2018). Figure 9 shows the rate between the descending height (H) and the distance travelled (L) by the Mondaca lahar, from 3 December 1762, the lahar associated with the Kelut volcano in 1919, and the lahar produced by the glacier outburst (jökullhaup) to the south of Llaima volcano during the 1640 AD eruption, one of the largest lahars in the Chilean Southern Andes in historical times (Petit-Breuilh, 1996;Naranjo and Moreno, 2005).…”

Section: High Impact Effects Of December 3rd 1762 Laharic Debris-flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mondaca Volcano lahar of December 3, 1762, Maule Region (35°28’S): one of the largest volcanic disasters in Chilean history

Naranjo¹,

Hevia

Polanco³

2021

andgeo

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The Mondaca volcano is a rhyolitic thick lava-field, located in the vicinity of the nascent Lontué River Valley in the northern part of the Southern Andes. It reached a total volume of ~ 0.85 km3, and formed 4 subunits, named Mondaca 1, 2, 3 and 4, which correspond to successive emissions of rhyolitic blocky lavas, sourced at a rounded dome structure. They present well-preserved flow structures and, in the vicinity, restricted to the south and east of the dome, pyroclastic fall, as well as block’n ash deposits are also exhibited. Downstream, along the Lontué River, a laharic deposit is recognized. The lahar was generated after the collapse of an ephemeral ~0.44 km3 lake generated after the river obstruction during the first eruptive phase. Proximal lahar facies are well exposed between 5 and 30 km from their source. The profuse agricultural activity has completely obliterated the lahar's medial facies deposits along the central valley, but are well identified at the mouth of the Mataquito River, 180 km downstream, as a beige-coloured layer, interbedded within dark coastal beach-sands. The identification of superelevation deposits formed during the debris flow emplacement along the Lontué river valley, allows to determine high flow mobility, with estimated velocities that locally reached between 20 and 114 km/h. Petrographic characteristics in addition to whole-rock chemical analyses of lavas, pyroclasts and juvenile blocks of the laharic deposit, indicate that all they correspond to High K calcoalkaline rhyolites with subalkaline affinity. These antecedents, together with the geographical continuity between the lavas and debris deposits along Lontué and Mataquito rivers, corroborate facies correlation and common origin as the result of the complex evolution of the Mondaca volcano. Being a fundamentally effusive eruption that could not be observed from Curicó, the collateral consequences would have been catastrophic over a vast area to the south of that city, and evidences one of the largest volcanic catastrophes in Chilean history.

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“…Atas kejadian tersebut masyarakat dari golongan Eropa dan pribumi melakukan upaya rehabilitasi hingga tercipta ikatan sosial yang baik. Peristiwa ini juga mendapatkan perhatian khusus oleh pemerintah kolonial untuk menciptakan kebijakan [Tias., Ridhoi., & Lutfi] Sejarah dan Budaya, 17(1), 2023, 26-42 baru terkait pencegahan dan manajemen kebencanaan di daerah koloninya (Nawiyanto et al, 2019;Schrikker, 2016).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Sejarah erupsi Semeru 1994 dan upaya penanganannya di Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang

Tias

Ridhoi

Lutfi

2023

Sej dan Budaya J Sejarah, Budaya, dan Pengajarannya

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The Eruption of Mount Kelud in 1919: Its Impact and Mitigation Efforts

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Recovery after volcanic ash deposition: vegetation effects on soil organic carbon, soil structure and infiltration rates

Recovery after volcanic ash deposition: vegetation effects on soil organic carbon, soil structure and infiltration rates

Mondaca Volcano lahar of December 3, 1762, Maule Region (35°28’S): one of the largest volcanic disasters in Chilean history

Sejarah erupsi Semeru 1994 dan upaya penanganannya di Kecamatan Pronojiwo, Kabupaten Lumajang

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