The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)

Pasini, Thomas; Brüggen, M.; Hoang, D. H.; Ghirardini, Vittorio; Bülbül, Esra; Klein, Matthias; Liu, Ang; Shimwell, T. W.; Hardcastle, Martin; Williams, W. L.; Botteon, A.; Gastaldello, F.; Weeren, R. J. van; Merloni, A.; Gasperin, F. de; Bahar, Y. E.; Pacaud, F.; Ramos-Ceja, M. E.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141211

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Indeed, combining X-ray and SZ surveys is particularly efficient to find new galaxy clusters and derive their mass (see, e.g., ComPRASS; Tarrío et al 2019). The potential of the joint analysis of LOFAR and eROSITA observations of galaxy clusters has been demonstrated by recent papers (e.g., Ghirardini et al 2021;Pasini et al 2022;Brienza et al 2021). Until the eRASS data are publicly released, we are planning to follow-up a subsample of clusters with Chandra and/or XMM-Newton.…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky

Botteon

Shimwell

Cassano

et al. 2022

A&A

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Context. Relativistic electrons and magnetic fields permeate the intra-cluster medium (ICM) and manifest themselves as diffuse sources of synchrotron emission observable at radio wavelengths, namely radio halos and radio relics. Although there is broad consensus that the formation of these sources is connected to turbulence and shocks in the ICM, the details of the required particle acceleration, the strength and morphology of the magnetic field in the cluster volume, and the influence of other sources of high-energy particles are poorly known. Aims. Sufficiently large samples of radio halos and relics, which would allow us to examine the variation among the source population and pinpoint their commonalities and differences, are still missing. At present, due to the physical properties of the sources and the capabilities of existing facilities, large numbers of these sources are easiest to detect at low radio frequencies, where they shine brightly. Methods. We examined the low-frequency radio emission from all 309 clusters in the second catalog of Planck Sunyaev Zel’dovich detected sources that lie within the 5634 deg2 covered by the Second Data Release of the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR2). We produced LOFAR images at different resolutions, with and without discrete sources subtracted, and created overlays with optical and X-ray images before classifying the diffuse sources in the ICM, guided by a decision tree. Results. Overall, we found 83 clusters that host a radio halo and 26 that host one or more radio relics (including candidates). About half of them are new discoveries. The detection rate of clusters that host a radio halo and one or more relics in our sample is 30 ± 11% and 10 ± 6%, respectively. Extrapolating these numbers, we anticipate that once LoTSS covers the entire northern sky it will provide the detection of 251 ± 92 clusters that host a halo and 83 ± 50 clusters that host at least one relic from Planck clusters alone. All images and results produced in this work are publicly available via the project website.

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Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky

Botteon

Shimwell

Cassano

et al. 2022

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“…A subsample of 542 extended sources is compiled by selecting sources with a source extent larger than zero, an extent likelihood higher than 6, and a detection likelihood higher than 5 (Liu et al 2022a;Klein et al 2021). We only use this sample for comparisons in this work, while the detailed analysis of these clusters is provided in Liu et al (2022a), Ghirardini et al (2021a), Bahar et al (2022), andPasini et al (2022).…”

Section: Sample Source Classification and Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, we summarize the LOFAR (van Haarlem et al 2013) radio properties of the clusters and groups in the point source catalog and provide a comparison with the extent-selected sample. The details of the radio data analysis are already provided in detail in Pasini et al (2022). We therefore omit them here and provide the results.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Source Classification Through Lofar ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We therefore omit them here and provide the results. Pasini et al (2022) (hereafter P21) performed a detailed study of the radio galaxies hosted in the BCG of the 542 eFEDS secure clusters (Liu et al 2022a). We used the same radio source catalog, obtained from the LOFAR 120−168 MHz observations covering the entire eFEDS field, to carry out a similar analysis for the clusters in the point source catalog.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Source Classification Through Lofar ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)

Bülbül

Liu

Pasini

et al. 2022

A&A

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Aims. The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS), executed during the performance verification phase of the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG)/eROSITA telescope, was completed in November 2019. One of the science goals of this survey is to demonstrate the ability of eROSITA to detect samples of clusters and groups at the final depth of the eROSITA all-sky survey. Methods. Because of the sizeable (≈26″ HEW FOV average) point-spread function of eROSITA, high-redshift clusters of galaxies or compact nearby groups hosting bright active galactic nuclei (AGN) can be misclassified as point sources by the source detection algorithms. A total of 346 galaxy clusters and groups in the redshift range of 0.1 < z < 1.3 were identified based on their red sequenc in the eFEDS point source catalog. Results. We examine the multiwavelength properties of these clusters and groups to understand the potential biases in our selection process and the completeness of the extent-selected sample. We find that the majority of the clusters and groups in the point source sample are indeed underluminous and compact compared to the extent-selected sample. Their faint X-ray emission, well below the flux limit of the extent-selected eFEDS clusters, and their compact X-ray emission are likely to be the main reason for this misclassification. In the sample, we confirm that 10% of the sources host AGN in their brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) through optical spectroscopy and visual inspection. By studying their X-ray, optical, infrared, and radio properties, we establish a method for identifying clusters and groups that host AGN in their BCGs. We successfully test this method on the current point source catalog through the Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical spectroscopy and find eight low-mass clusters and groups with active radio-loud AGN that are particularly bright in the infrared. They include eFEDS J091437.8+024558, eFEDS J083520.1+012516, and eFEDS J092227.1+043339 at redshifts 0.3−0.4. Conclusions. This study helps us to characterize and understand our selection process and assess the completeness of the eROSITA extent-selected samples. The method we developed will be used to identify high-redshift clusters, AGN-dominated groups, and low-mass clusters that are misclassified in the future eROSITA all-sky survey point source catalogs.

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“…In comparison with the positional offset between the CAMIRA and XXL clusters (Oguri et al 2018), the present sample has a marginally smaller fraction of well-centered clusters and a lower tail component. Pasini et al (2022) show that BCGs with radio-loud AGN are more likely to lie close to the cluster center than radio-quiet BCGs and that the relations between the AGN and the ICM hold regardless of the dynamical state of the cluster (see also Pasini et al 2020).…”

Section: Bcg-x-ray Offset and Cluster Dynamical Statusmentioning

confidence: 96%

The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray properties of Subaru optically-selected clusters

Ota¹,

Nguyen-Dang²,

Mitsuishi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Context. We present the results from a systematic X-ray analysis of Subaru optically-selected clusters with high cluster richness in the eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS) field. Aims. By a joint analysis of SRG(Spectrum Roentgen Gamma)/eROSITA and Subaru/HSC surveys, we aim to investigate the dynamical status of the optically-selected clusters and derive the cluster scaling relations. Methods. The sample consists of 43 optically-selected galaxy clusters with richness > 40 in the redshift range of 0.16-0.89. We systematically analyzed X-ray images and emission spectra using the eROSITA data. We identified the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) using the optical and far-infrared databases and measured the offset between X-ray peak and BCG position as an indicator of the dynamical status. We investigated the luminosity-temperature and mass-luminosity relations based on eROSITA X-ray spectra and HSC weak-lensing data analyses.Results. The fraction of relaxed clusters is estimated to be 2(< 39)%, which is smaller than that of the X-ray-selected cluster samples. After correcting for a selection bias due to the richness cut, we obtained a shallow L − T slope of 2.0 ± 0.4, which is consistent with the predictions of the self-similar model and the new baseline model by Fujita & Aung (2019). The L − M slope of 1.5 ± 0.3 agrees with the above theoretical models and that of the shear-selected clusters in the eFEDs field. Conclusions. Our analysis of the high-richness optical clusters yielded a small fraction of relaxed clusters and a shallow slope of the luminositytemperature relation. This suggests that the average X-ray properties of the optical clusters are likely to be different from those observed in the X-ray samples. Thus, the joint eROSITA and HSC observations are powerful in extending the analysis to a larger sample and understanding the selection effect towards establishing the cluster scaling relations.

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The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)

Cited by 23 publications

References 122 publications

The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky

The Planck clusters in the LOFAR sky

The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS)

The eROSITA Final Equatorial-Depth Survey (eFEDS): X-ray properties of Subaru optically-selected clusters

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