The erosion and abrasion‐inhibiting effect of TiF₄ and NaF varnishes and solutions on enamel in vitro

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. Previous in vitro study has shown that TiF(4) varnish might reduce enamel erosion. No data regarding the effect of this experimental varnish on enamel erosion plus abrasion, however, are available so far. Thus, this in vitro study aimed to analyse the effect of TiF(4) compared with NaF varnishes and solutions, to protect against enamel erosion with or without abrasion. METHODS. Enamel specimens were pre-treated with experimental-TiF(4) (2.45% F), experimental-NaF (2.45% F), NaF-Duraphat (2.26% F), and placebo varnishes; NaF (2.26% F) and TiF(4) (2.45% F) solutions. Controls remained untreated. The erosive challenge was performed using a soft drink (pH 2.6) 4 × 90 s/day (ERO) and the toothbrushing abrasion (ERO+ABR) 2 × 10 s/day, for 5 days. Between the challenges, the specimens were exposed to artificial saliva. Enamel loss was measured profilometrically (μm). RESULTS. Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests showed that all fluoridated varnishes (TiF(4) -ERO:0.53 ± 0.20, ERO+ABR:0.65 ± 0.19/NaF-ERO:0.94 ± 0.18, ERO+ABR:1.74 ± 0.37/Duraphat-ERO:1.00 ± 0.37, ERO+ABR:1.72 ± 0.58) were able to significantly reduce enamel loss when compared with placebo varnish (ERO:3.45 ± 0.41/ERO+ABR:3.20 ± 0.66) (P < 0.0001). Placebo varnish, control (ERO:2.68 ± 0.53/ERO+ABR:3.01 ± 0.34), and fluoridated (NaF-ERO:2.84 ± 0.09/ERO+ABR:2.40 ± 0.21/TiF(4) -ERO:3.55 ± 0.59/ERO+ABR:4.10 ± 0.38) solutions did not significantly differ from each other. CONCLUSION. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the TiF(4) varnish seems to be a promising treatment to reduce enamel loss under mild erosive and abrasive conditions in vitro.

Thickness and nanomechanical properties of protective layer formed by TiF4 varnish on enamel after erosion

“…6 The antierosive effect of TiF 4 varnish compared to conventional varnishes, such as sodium fluoride (NaF), is still contradictory. 11,12,13,14 In order to explain these contradictory results, recent speculations have been made about the deposition and thickness of the layer formed by TiF 4 varnish application, 4,15 but there is a paucity of data on the thickness and properties of the protective layer formed by TiF 4 varnish after an erosive challenge.…”

Effects of erosive challenge on the morphology and surface properties of luting cements

“…Subsequently, the specimens were rinsed thoroughly with deionized water and immersed in artificial saliva, at a pH of 7.0 (10 mL/block) at room temperature for 2h, between the erosive challenges 17 and overnight 13,16 . The artificial saliva was created according to Amaechi et al 18 .…”

“…However, to simulate erosive development caused by the daily ingestion of acidic beverages, in vitro studies have used dynamic erosive challenge with daily cycles of immersion in acidic beverages and artificial saliva [13][14][15] .…”

Prevention of Enamel Adjacent to Bracket Demineralization Following Carbon Dioxide Laser Radiation and Titanium Tetra Fluoride Solution Treatment: An In Vitro Study

“…The preventive potential of TiF4 against dental demineralization is related to the formation of an acid-resistant surface coating, the increased fluoride uptake and also the titanium incorporation in the hydroxyapatite lattice. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] There are still very few studies investigating the caries-preventive effect of CO 2 laser and TiF4 together in which the synergistic effect of CO 2 laser and fluoride has been seen. 3,4,11 However, there are still no consensuses between the researchers on the mechanism of their action on each other.…”