The Erlanger flagellate test (EFT): photosynthetic flagellates in biological dosimeters

Häder, Donat‐P.; Lebert, Michael; Tahedl, Harald; Richter, Peter

doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(97)00028-6

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Hence, we do not consider motility in C. reinhardtii as a reliable parameter for toxicity testing. This is in disagreement with a general proposal of Häder et al [13] to use motility as a valuable parameter in bioassays.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…The image was translated to a PC. All calculations were processed with Motile System V. 1.7 (motility) software developed by D.-P. Häder and K. Vogel, Erlangen, Germany [13]. The motility was measured in term of μm s -1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The photosynthetic apparatus in C. reinhardtii was shown to be highly vulnerable to toxic substances thus making it a suitable parameter for toxicity estimation [10,11,12]. Motility has been shown to be one of the possible physiological markers for toxicity assessment using Euglena gracilis [13]. The aim of this study was to carry out comprehensive experiments in order to investigate effects of different concentrations of copper, nickel, lead and zinc on the photosynthetic efficiency and motility of C. reinhardtii .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and pentachlorophenol on photosynthesis and motility in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in short-term exposure experiments

Danilov

Ekelund

2001

BMC Ecol

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Background: Heavy metals, especially copper, nickel, lead and zinc, have adverse effects on terrestrial and in aquatic environments. However, their impact can vary depending on the nature of organisms. Taking into account the ability of heavy metals to accumulate in sediments, extended knowledge of their effects on aquatic biota is needed. In this context the use of model organisms (often unicellular), which allows for rapid assessment of pollutants in freshwater, can be of advantage. Pentachlorophenol has been extensively used for decades as a bleaching agent by pulpand paper industry. Pentachlorophenol tends to accumulate in the nature. We aim to determine if photosynthesis and motility can be used as sensitive physiological parameters in toxicological studies of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a motile green unicellular alga. It is discussed if photosynthesis and motility can be used as sensitive physiological parameters in toxicological studies.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and pentachlorophenol on photosynthesis and motility in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in short-term exposure experiments

Danilov

Ekelund

2001

BMC Ecol

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“…Euglena gracilis is a green unicellular alga inhabiting many freshwater ecosystems. Motility and photosynthesis in Euglena have been shown to be easily affected by environmental toxicity (Danilov and Ekelund 2001a;Häder et al 1997). Danilov and Ekelund (2001a, b) have examined short-as well as long-term toxicity tests of wastewater using E. gracilis, concluding that 7-day tests could be more significant than short term (4-day test) with wastewater from the pulp and paper industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fast algal bioassay for assessment of copper toxicity in water using Euglena gracilis

Ahmed

Häder

2010

J Appl Phycol

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A rapid, sensitive algal bioassay was investigated to monitor copper toxicity using photosynthetic activity and motility parameters as end points in the photosynthetic flagellate Euglena gracilis. Effects on motility parameters were determined using the automatic bioassay ECOTOX. Photosynthetic efficiency was measured using chlorophyll fluorescence by means of a fast, noninvasive pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. These parameters were assessed regarding their effectiveness as end points for short-(0-24 h) and long-term (1-5 days) toxicity tests. The model organism showed significant responses to the tested concentrations at both motility and photosynthesis examined levels. EC 50 values for movement parameters immediately after the cells were mixed with copper are 19.09 (300.4 μM), 20.4 (312 μM) and 23.09 (363.35 μM)mg L −1 for motility, rvalue and velocity, respectively. The current study proofs that Euglena is a convenient biotest organism where motility parameters show rapid sensitive responses to copper (direct exposure to copper). Also, the photosynthetic parameters appear to be appropriate for acute and chronic toxicity tests for higher and lower copper concentrations, respectively.

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“…It has been proposed to use E. gracilis as a standard biological indicator in bioassays of environmental pollution, Ž . especially of industrial effluxes Hader et al, 1997 . Motility and cell shape were proposed as physiological parameters to be measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applicability of growth rate, cell shape, and motility ofEuglena gracilis as physiological parameters for bioassessment at lower concentrations of toxic substances: An experimental approach

Danilov

Ekelund

2001

Environ. Toxicol.

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The responses of the growth rate, motility, and cell shape in the green flagellate Euglena gracilis to different concentrations of waste water substances from the pulp and paper industry were tested in a long-term study (7 days). Samples before (uncleaned sample) and after (cleaned sample) the treatment in a cleaning system were studied. The influence of different doses of UV-B radiation on cell shape and motility was also investigated. No statistically significant effects of increasing concentrations of the waste substances both before and after the cleaning process (except inhibition by the undiluted uncleaned effluent) on the growth rate in E. gracilis were observed. Cell shape turned out to be an unreliable physiological parameter for assessing the toxicity at lower concentrations of waste water substances. No significant patterns could be observed in the response of the cell shape to the different concentrations of the waste water substances or to UV-B radiation. Motility has been concluded to be a more sensitive parameter than cell shape. However, no clear patterns were observed in the response of the motility to the different concentrations of the waste water substances studied. Increasing concentrations of the uncleaned sample demonstrated a defense against UV-B radiation, due to the high absorbance in the UV-B range, when effects on motility were examined. We conclude that contrary to the results reported in the literature earlier, cell shape and motility of E. gracilis are not universal physiological parameters for bioassessment at lower concentrations of toxic substances, including metals such as copper and zinc from the pulp and paper industry. The long-duration tests had, in general, higher significance than those of short duration.

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The Erlanger flagellate test (EFT): photosynthetic flagellates in biological dosimeters

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Effects of Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and pentachlorophenol on photosynthesis and motility in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in short-term exposure experiments

Effects of Cu2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and pentachlorophenol on photosynthesis and motility in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in short-term exposure experiments

A fast algal bioassay for assessment of copper toxicity in water using Euglena gracilis

Applicability of growth rate, cell shape, and motility ofEuglena gracilis as physiological parameters for bioassessment at lower concentrations of toxic substances: An experimental approach

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