The eradication of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Glossinidae) using traps, insecticide-impregnated targets and the sterile insect technique in central Nigeria

Abstract

The integrated use of biconical traps, insecticide-impregnated targets and the sterile insect technique was developed for the eradication of Glossina palpalis palpalis (Robineau-Desvoidy) in a 1500-km 2 area of central Nigeria. Six weeks or more of continuous removal trapping, using biconical traps, reduced the target tsetse population by more than 90% but failed to eradicate it. Males sterilized by irradiation from a ^Co source that were then released weekly induced significant sterility in target females and were successful in helping to eradicate the target population. A minimum ratio of 10:1 of sterile to wild males was required to achieve eradication in a central area of 300 km 2 . In marginal habitats, insecticide-impregnated targets were found adequate to control the tsetse population. The targets were also efficient as barriers to prevent reinvasion of the area. The combined effect of removal trapping and sterile male release is expected to eradicate G. p. palpalis from the entire study area.

Prospects of a fungus-contamination device for the control of tsetse flyGlossina fuscipes fuscipes

“…The use of traps for control of riverine tsetse fly populations is well documented (Gouteux & Lancien 1986;Takken et al 1986). However, the suppression of tsetse flies with entomopathogenic fungi is a fairly new approach.…”

“…Some of the measures to control riverine tsetse flies include application of pyrethroid based-insecticides or 'pour-on' (Bauer et al 1995;Leak et al 1995), mass trapping (Gouteux & Lancien 1986;Takken et al 1986), chemical insecticide-impregnated traps or targets (Laveissière & Couret 1981Oladunmade et al 1985), and sterile insect technique (SIT) (Politzar & Cuisance 1982;Takken et al 1986;Oladunmade et al 1990). …”

Odour-baited targets to control New World screwworm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Diptera: Calliphoridae): a preliminary study

“…Studies in Zimbabwe have shown that Glossina populations can be eradicated by attracting them to a sparse placement of odour-baited targets (Vale et al, 1986(Vale et al, , 1988. Traps and targets without odour-baits have also been used in conjunction with SIT to eradicate tsetse in Nigeria (Takken et al, 1986).…”

Population Suppression in Support of the Sterile Insect Technique

“…First the population was reduced by deploying insecticideimpregnated screens and by removal-trapping with traps (Oladunmade et al 1985, Takken et al 1986) that reduced the native fly population by 90-99% over a 6-12 week period. Extending the period of control, using traps and targets, did not achieve eradication.…”

“…Extending the period of control, using traps and targets, did not achieve eradication. A major concern was the loss of the screens due to theft, flooding and fire (Takken et al 1986). Then the target population was eliminated over the entire 1500-km 2 area by weekly releases of sterile males from the ground (Oladunmade et al 1990).…”