The eradication campaign against American serpentine leaf miner, <i>Liriomyza trifolii</i>, at Efford Experimental Horticulture Station

1981

Plant Pathology

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SUMMARY The American serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), was first seen in England in 1977, at a nursery where chrysanthemums were being grown from cuttings imported from Kenya and Malta. Eradicatory action was taken at this and 14 other nurseries where infestations were found during that year. In 1978, 12 infestations were found, originating on chrysanthemum cuttings from Kenya and the Canary Islands and on Gerbera from the Netherlands. In 1979, 132 infestations were found; by then the sources also included Denmark and the USA. Following the withdrawal of the licence permitting imports of chrysanthemum cuttings from Kenya, 63 infestations were found in 1980 and 48 in 1981. Eradication measures rarely required the destruction of infested crops hut frequently required the selective destruction of infested imported plants, together with the application of various insecticidal treatments. To kill adults, fogs and smokes were used; to kill larvae, foliar sprays were applied and persistent systemic insecticides were incorporated in the planting beds; to kill pupae, soil drenches and sterilants were necessary. By the adoption of this control programme and the vigilance of the plant health authorities, eradication of L. trifolii has been, achieved wherever it has been found in England and Wales.

Section: Description and Life Cycle Of The Insectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…this paper records the original and further outbreaks at commercial nurseries in England and Wales and the statutory action taken. The eradication of an outbreak which included extensive infestations outdoors is described by Powell (1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of American serpentine leaf miner, Liriomyza trifolii, into England and Wales and its eradication from commercial nurseries, 1977–81

Bartlett

1981

Plant Pathology

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“…Its wide host range and temperate distribution (Anon., 1984) and its reputed resistance to many common insecticides (Parrella, Keil & Morse, 1984) make it a serious threat to the horticultural industry of the United Kingdom. Importing chrysanthemum cuttings from countries where L. trifolii occurs creates risks of introducing this plant pest into Britain where it could infest many glasshouse and outdoor crops (Powell, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting the efficacy of methyl bromide fumigation to control Liriomyza trifolii in imported chrysanthemum cuttings

Mortimer

Annals of Applied Biology

1988

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Laboratory investigations were made into the effect of cultivar type, prior cold storage, fumigation temperature and methyl bromide concentration, on the efficacy of a fumigation treatment to control Liriomyza trifolii in chrysanthemum cuttings. The tests related to the standard quarantine treatment used in the UK to control Spodoptera littoralis on imported chrysanthemum cuttings : cold storage for 2 days at 1 -2°C followed by methyl bromide fumigation at 15°C with a concentration time product (CTP) of 54 g h/m3. L. trifolii larvae, within detached leaves, and 1 -2 and 2 -3 day old pupae, were treated. Methyl bromide concentrations of 6.75 or 13.5 g/m3 were used to achieve a range of CTPs and thus obtain accurate dose-response lines and estimates of the LD99 and LD99.9 for each insect stage. Fumigation temperatures were 8, 11 or 15°C.Efficacy of the standard treatments differed between the three cultivars tested, but the LD99 for larvae remained below 54g h/m3. Decreasing fumigation temperature to 11°C or less increased LD99 values for larvae and pupae and substantially increased variability. There is therefore little scope for using fumigation temperatures of less than 15°C for quarantine purposes. Omitting the cold storage treatment prior to fumigation did not significantly affect efficacy of fumigation. Reducing the methyl bromide concentration from 13.5 to 6.75 g/m3 did not significantly affect the LD99 for larvae but significantly reduced LD99s for pupae.

“…It also thrives on many common weeds, e.g. ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) and groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) (Miller, 1978); these could support outdoor reservoirs of the pest which could then infest glasshouse crops (Powell, 1981). The N. American distribution of L. trifolii suggests that it may survive the winter outdoors in this country (Miller, 1978), although an infestation at Efford Experimental Horticulture Station in the south of England did not survive the relatively mild winter of 1979-80 (Powell, 1981).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ragwort (Senecio jacobaea L.) and groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.) (Miller, 1978); these could support outdoor reservoirs of the pest which could then infest glasshouse crops (Powell, 1981). The N. American distribution of L. trifolii suggests that it may survive the winter outdoors in this country (Miller, 1978), although an infestation at Efford Experimental Horticulture Station in the south of England did not survive the relatively mild winter of 1979-80 (Powell, 1981). In countries where it is endemic, L. trifolii is difficult to control because of its resistance to 0 1984 Association of Applied Biologists many common pesticides (Parrella, Allen & Morishita, 1981;Parrella, Robb & Morishita, 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a combined cold storage and methyl bromide fumigation treatment to control the American serpentine leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera:Agromyzidae) in imported chrysanthemum cuttings

Mortimer

Annals of Applied Biology

1984

Self Cite

Individual chrysanthemum cuttings and leaves infested with eggs and larvae of the alien leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii, and batches of pupae, were treated in the laboratory to find an effective quarantine treatment to control the pest in imported cuttings. The laboratory tests were based on a statutory quarantine treatment of 2 days' cold storage at 1-2°C followed by methyl bromide fumigation at 15°C with a concentration time product (CTP) of 54 g h/m3, which is used to control Spodoptera littoralis on imported chrysanthemum cuttings. Treatments of 2 days' storage at 1-2°C followed by methyl bromide fumigation at 15°C with a range of CTPs were used to obtain accurate dose-response lines and estimate the LD99 and LD99.9 for each stage of L. trifolii. The largest estimates of the LD99 for eggs, larvae and pupae up to 3 days old were 40.04, 34.49 and 42.64 g h/m3 respectively. These results indicate that the Spodoptera treatment should give high levels of kill of most stages of L. trifolii. However, the LD99 values for pupae more than 3 days old were greater than those for eggs, larvae and young pupae. Therefore if this treatment were adopted as a quarantine measure against L. trifolii, good prophylactic treatments and rigorous pre-packing inspections in exporting countries would need to be maintained, to minimise any risk of importing pupae. It would also be necessary to ensure that the temperature of the imported cuttings was raised uniformly to 15°C after cold storage and prior to fumigation. The practicality of the technique as a commercial treatment will depend on whether it is possible to achieve this without causing unacceptable phytotoxicity.