The Era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Review on Dynamics, Clinical Symptoms and Complications, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Younis, Nour K.; Zareef, Rana; Maktabi, Mohamad Ali; Mahfouz, Rami

doi:10.1089/gtmb.2020.0227

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…About 50% of COVID-19 ICU patients will also die 50 . To date, biomarkers to predict which ICU COVID-19 patients are at high risk of mortality are insufficient 4 , 15 – 19 . The principal finding of this cross-sectional study is that high plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct MG upon admission into ICU with ARDS is a predictor of death in COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients

Alomar

Alshakhs

Abohelaika

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Biomarkers to identify ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk for mortality are urgently needed for therapeutic care and management. Here we found plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) were 4.4-fold higher in ICU patients upon admission that later died (n = 33), and 1.7-fold higher in ICU patients that survived (n = 32),compared to uninfected controls (n = 30). The increased MG in patients that died correlated inversely with the levels of the MG-degrading enzyme glyoxalase-1 (r2 = − 0.50), and its co-factor glutathione (r2 = − 0.63), and positively with monocytes (r2 = 0.29). The inflammation markers, SSAO (r2 = 0.52), TNF-α (r2 = 0.41), IL-1β (r2 = 0.25), CRP (r2 = 0.26) also correlated positively with MG. Logistic regression analysis provides evidence of a significant relationship between the elevated MG upon admission into ICU and death (P < 0.0001), with 42% of the death variability explained. From these data we conclude that elevated plasma MG on admission is a novel independent biomarker that predicts mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients

Alomar

Alshakhs

Abohelaika

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The latest pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 termed COVID-19. The disease first appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 as an outbreak of atypical pneumonia ( Younis et al, 2020 ; Rana O; Zareef et al, 2020 ; Tsang et al, 2021 ; Younis et al, 2021 ). The virus has ever since spread at an unpreceded pace, exhausting the global health sector and endangering the economies ( Arthi and Parman, 2021 ; Padhan and Prabheesh, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspirin in COVID-19: Pros and Cons

et al. 2022

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Since its emergence, the COVID-19 pandemic has been ravaging the medical and economic sectors even with the significant vaccination advances. In severe presentations, the disease of SARS-CoV-2 can manifest with life-threatening thromboembolic and multi-organ repercussions provoking notable morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of such burdensome forms has been under extensive investigation and is attributed to a state of immune dysfunction and hyperinflammation. In light of these extraordinary circumstances, research efforts have focused on investigating and repurposing previously available agents that target the inflammatory and hematological cascades. Aspirin, due to its well-known properties and multiple molecular targets, and ought to its extensive clinical use, has been perceived as a potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19. Aspirin acts at multiple cellular targets to achieve its anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet effects. Although initial promising clinical data describing aspirin role in COVID-19 has appeared, evidence supporting its use remains fragile and premature. This review explores the notion of repurposing aspirin in COVID-19 infection. It delves into aspirin as a molecule, along with its pharmacology and clinical applications. It also reviews the current high-quality clinical evidence highlighting the role of aspirin in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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“…As of as of Nov 3rd , 2021 more than 247 million individuals have been infected 2 . Although the majority of individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain asymptomatic or develop mild fever, cough, muscle weakness, headache, sore throat, diarrhea, and loss of taste and smell, about 10% of individuals develop acute respiratory distress (ARDS) requiring intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization [3][4][5][6] . Advanced age, pre-existing medical conditions including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus and those that were not vaccinated are at higher risk of developing ARDS requiring ICU hospitalization [7][8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) hematological/coagulation markers including platelet to lymphocyte ratios, ferritin and D-dimer, (2) in ammation markers including serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin, interleukins (IL), IL-1b, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, CXCL10/IP-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a), (3) cardiac dysfunction markers including troponin I (cTnI), N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), a-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (a-HBDH) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB), (4) liver function markers including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and serum albumin, and (5) renal function markers including glomerular ltration rate and blood urea nitrogen [16][17][18] . In a metaanalysis of thirty-two studies, Malik and colleagues found signi cant associations between blood lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated CRP, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, ALT, and AST with adverse COVID-19 outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Plasma Level of the Glycolysis Byproduct Methylglyoxal on Admission Is an Independent Biomarker of Mortality in ICU COVID-19 Patients

Alomar

Alshakhs

Abohelaika

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Biomarkers to identify ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk for mortality are urgently needed for therapeutic care and management. In this study we found that plasma levels of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal (MG) were 4.4-fold and 1.7-fold higher (P<0.0001) upon ICU admission in patients that later died (n=34) compared to uninfected controls (n=30) and those survived (n=31), respectively. The increase in MG was inversely correlated with glutathione (r2=-0.63) and the MG-glutathione degrading glyoxalase-1 (r2=-0.50), and positively correlated with the inflammation markers, SSAO (r2 =0.52), TNF-a (r2 =0.41), IL-1b (r2 =0.25), CRP (r2 =0.26) and age (r2 =0.20). Logistic regression analysis provides evidence of a significant relationship between the elevated MG upon admission into ICU and death (P<0.0001), with 42% of the death variability explained. From these data we conclude that elevated plasma MG on admission is a novel independent biomarker that predicts ICU COVID-19 patients at high risk of mortality.

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The Era of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Review on Dynamics, Clinical Symptoms and Complications, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Cited by 8 publications

References 111 publications

Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients

Elevated plasma level of the glycolysis byproduct methylglyoxal on admission is an independent biomarker of mortality in ICU COVID-19 patients

Aspirin in COVID-19: Pros and Cons

Elevated Plasma Level of the Glycolysis Byproduct Methylglyoxal on Admission Is an Independent Biomarker of Mortality in ICU COVID-19 Patients

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