The Equine Hindlimb Proximal Suspensory Ligament: an Assessment of Health and Function by Means of Its Damping Harmonic Oscillator Properties, Measured Using an Acoustic Myography System: a New Modality Study

Chavers, Jillian Costello; Allen, A. K.; Ahmed, Waqas; Fuglsang-Damgaard, Lene Høeg; Harrison, Adrian P.

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2018.09.006

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This was supported further by the suggestion that the elasticity of the lower limb, creating a vibration of 30-40 Hz, needs damping to reduce the likelihood of damage to tendons or bones and that this is achieved through these short muscle fibres [25,26]. Due to the elastic nature of the suspensory ligament, it is unable to cope with sudden surges in force and is not built to deal with increased amounts of fatigue [27,28]. It has also been noted that as the age of the horse increases so does the stiffness of a tendon unit which in turn could induce a change in kinematics [29].…”

Section: The Interosseous Muscle Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Thus we see tendons and ligaments in the distal limb as a means of storing elastic energy [25,28,[30][31][32][33]. In order for the horse to utilise this mechanism within the suspensory ligament the energy from the ground reaction force is stored as strain energy to retract the limb [27,32] helping to produce the break over point [34].…”

Section: Elastic Strain Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation into Whether Proximal Suspensory Desmitis of the Hindlimb Could Predispose Horses to Sacroiliac Disease

Skivington¹,

Kovač́²,

Zakirova³

et al. 2020

Equine Science

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Proximal suspensory desmopathy/desmitis (PSD) of the hindlimb is a well understood condition with widely accepted treatment protocols; however, there is little research demonstrating understanding or potential correlation between hindlimb PSD and sacroiliac disease (SID). Several studies have examined the co-existence of hindlimb PSD and SID each investigating unique predisposing factors. This has led to little direct correlation of cause and effect with no definitive conclusions drawn. The need to be objective is highlighted by the limited number of studies and that two studies used anecdotal evidence to support their hypothesis and thus creating the question does hindlimb proximal suspensory desmopathy predispose horses to sacroiliac disease? This review looks at the two conditions and compares the literature for each, including the incidence, biomechanics, anatomy, and treatment. The review further discusses whether one disorder predisposes horses/equids to the other.

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Section: The Interosseous Muscle Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Elastic Strain Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into Whether Proximal Suspensory Desmitis of the Hindlimb Could Predispose Horses to Sacroiliac Disease

Skivington¹,

Kovač́²,

Zakirova³

et al. 2020

Equine Science

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“…Acoustic myography (AMG) is a biomechanical method capable of recording energy waves generated in the equine limb as the result of foot impact [11] [12] [14]. AMG recordings were carried out with a CURO unit and CURO sensors (CURO-Diagnostics ApS, Denmark; formerly MyoDynamik ApS) and followed in real time on an iPad Air (Apple Inc, Cupertino, CA, USA) via the App "CURO Equine" and a dedicated data recording system that is freely available (https://www.curo-diagnostics.com/) and the details of which have been published [11] [15] [16]. Using this setup, it was possible for us to see the actual recordings while the horses were physically active.…”

Section: Acoustic Myographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, Wilson and colleagues present calculations for the ability of an accessory ligament in series with muscle to usefully damp limb vibrations in horses, discovering that muscles absorb vibrational energy in the range 30 ± 100 Hz [10]. It has also been shown that equine accessory ligaments when healthy, absorb GRFs in a most efficient man-Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine ner, but when injured and swollen lose this capability [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Myography: Its Assessment of Ground Reaction Forces as Measured through Forelimb and Hind Limb of the Horse during Mild Exercise

Isbell¹,

Laguna²,

Chavers³

et al. 2022

OJVM

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Background: Fractures in the limbs of racehorses are common, resulting among other factors, as the result of repeated ground reaction forces on bones and joints, leading to catastrophic failure. Aim: To quantify ground impact transmission through the limb bones of un-shod healthy horses using the non-invasive technique of acoustic myography (AMG). Methods: Four sites were selected for AMG measurements at the walk and trot, hoof wall (site 1) and sites 2 -4, metacarpal 3, carpals and the radius of the left forelimb of two healthy horses. Measurements were on both rubber and concrete. AMG of the equine hind limb suspensory system was made and analyzed (amplitude and timing) for the proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) and the SDFT/DDFT. Results: AMG signal amplitude at site 1 (1.5 ± 0.2 versus 1.1 ± 1.5) was not found to be significantly different at the trot compared to the walk; however, sites 2, 3 and 4 were all significantly different when compared between the two gaits; site 2 P = 0.008; site 3 P = 0.006; site 4 P = 0.005. AMG signals recorded on the rubber surface had smaller amplitude than the equivalent signal and site on the concrete surface. Ground Reaction Force (GRF) transmission in the equine forelimb was 22 m/sec, whilst that of the hind limb suspensory system was 25 m/sec. Conclusion: Findings indicate that GRFs are transmitted proximally along the limb at considerable speeds, that they are dampened by tissues

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“…Bond and Eberhardt [27] and Dong et al [28] developed a more general estimator for the large heterogeneous panel with the multifactor error structure, called augmented mean group (AMG), which is applicable in both heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence (CD) issues and our study has used this method. AMG has already been used by various studies references [29][30][31][32][33][34]. The selection of this technique is based on the given background.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Contribution of Outward Foreign Direct Investment, Human Well-Being, and Technology toward a Sustainable Environment

2021

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This study evaluates the impact of outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), human well-being, and other macro indicators of the public sector on carbon footprint. Empirical analysis has been carried out for newly industrialized economies that span the period 1990–2017. We used augmented mean group and bootstrap panel causality techniques to cogitate the cross-sectional dependence and country-specific heterogeneity. Based on cross-country analysis, study results show that growing OFDI reduces carbon footprint efficiently in Mexico and Turkey, human well-being decreases emissions in the Philippines, and urbanization reduces emissions in China. Further, technology reduces emissions in Malaysia and Turkey, trade openness reduces emissions in China and Malaysia, and natural resource rents reduce emissions in Indonesia and Mexico. In the case of panel analysis, the moderating role of OFDI with human well-being is contributing toward a sustainable environment. Moreover, the moderation of OFDI and urbanization has an insignificant impact on CFP. Findings depict that interaction terms of OFDI with technology and trade openness have a positive association with the environment quality. Finally, OFDI and natural resources have positive moderation on CFP. This study contributes to the existing literature by suggesting policy implications for a sustainable environment.

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The Equine Hindlimb Proximal Suspensory Ligament: an Assessment of Health and Function by Means of Its Damping Harmonic Oscillator Properties, Measured Using an Acoustic Myography System: a New Modality Study

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation into Whether Proximal Suspensory Desmitis of the Hindlimb Could Predispose Horses to Sacroiliac Disease

Investigation into Whether Proximal Suspensory Desmitis of the Hindlimb Could Predispose Horses to Sacroiliac Disease

Acoustic Myography: Its Assessment of Ground Reaction Forces as Measured through Forelimb and Hind Limb of the Horse during Mild Exercise

The Contribution of Outward Foreign Direct Investment, Human Well-Being, and Technology toward a Sustainable Environment

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