The epitheliomuscular cell of hydra: Its fine structure, three-dimensional architecture and relation to morphogenesis

West, David L.

doi:10.1016/0040-8166(78)90051-4

Cited by 57 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ectodermal epitheliomuscular cells of Hydra are large columnar or cuboidal cells bearing two long myonemes oriented along the oral-aboral axis (David, 1973). These two myonemes of roughly cylindrical shape, composed of irregularly arranged myofilaments, are found in each ectodermal cell, as visualized by electron microscopy (West, 1978) or recently by LifeAct-GFP transgenic polyps (Seybold et al, 2016). Instead, endodermal epitheliomuscular cells are tall and columnar, have short muscle processes at the basal end and several flagella at the apical end.…”

Section: Cnidarian Muscle Typesmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to perform muscle contractions is one of the most important and distinctive features of eumetazoans. As the sister group to bilaterians, cnidarians (sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, and hydroids) hold an informative phylogenetic position for understanding muscle evolution. Here, we review current knowledge on muscle function, diversity, development, regeneration and evolution in cnidarians. Cnidarian muscles are involved in various activities, such as feeding, escape, locomotion and defense, in close association with the nervous system. This variety is reflected in the large diversity of muscle organizations found in Cnidaria. Smooth epithelial muscle is thought to be the most common type, and is inferred to be the ancestral muscle type for Cnidaria, while striated muscle fibers and non-epithelial myocytes would have been convergently acquired within Cnidaria. Current knowledge of cnidarian muscle development and its regeneration is limited. While orthologs of myogenic regulatory factors such as MyoD have yet to be found in cnidarian genomes, striated muscle formation potentially involves well-conserved myogenic genes, such as twist and mef2. Although satellite cells have yet to be identified in cnidarians, muscle plasticity (e.g., de- and re-differentiation, fiber repolarization) in a regenerative context and its potential role during regeneration has started to be addressed in a few cnidarian systems. The development of novel tools to study those organisms has created new opportunities to investigate in depth the development and regeneration of cnidarian muscle cells and how they contribute to the regenerative process.

show abstract

Section: Cnidarian Muscle Typesmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Most ectodermal and endodermal epithelial cells in hydrozoan planulae, polyps, and medusae are epitheliomuscular (West, 1978). Much of the available information about hydrozoan epitheliomuscular cells comes from anatomical and physiological studies on Hydra polyps.…”

Section: Cnidarian Muscle Typesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Leclère

Röttinger

2017

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thy hydra mesoglea structure has been studied by cross section examinations using light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Hausman and Burnett, 1969; Wood, 1961, 1983; Haynes et al, 1968; West, 1978; Sarras et al, 1991), by tissue layer dissections using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (West, 1978; Epp et al, 1986), or by immunocytochemical staining using mesoglea-specific antibodies (Sarras et al, 1991, 1993; Zhang and Sarras, 1994; Shimizu et al, 2002). Studies on isolated mesoglea were carried out by a number of researchers and the isolated mesoglea was examined under light microscope or TEM (Shostak et al, 1965; Hausman and Burnett, 1969, 1970; Day and Lenhoff, 1981, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The extracellular matrix of hydra is a porous sheet and contains type IV collagen

Shimizu

Aufschnaiter

et al. 2008

Zoology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydra, as an early diploblastic metazoan, has a well defined extracellular matrix (ECM) called-mesoglea. It is organized in a tri-laminar pattern with one centrally located interstitial matrix that contains type I collagen and two sub-epithelial zones that resemble a basal lamina containing laminin and possibly type IV collagen. This study used monoclonal antibodies to the three hydra mesoglea components (type I, type IV collagens and laminin) and immunofluorescent staining to visualize hydra mesoglea structure and the relationship between these mesoglea components. In addition, hydra mesoglea was isolated free of cells and studied with immunofluorescence and SEM. Our results show that type IV collagen co-localizes with laminin in the basal lamina whereas type I collagen forms a grid pattern of fibers in the interstitial matrix. The isolated-mesoglea can maintain its structural stability without epithelial cell attachment. Hydra mesogleais porous with multiple trans-mesoglea pores ranging from 0.5 to 1 µm in diameter and about 6 pores per 100 µm2 in density. We think these trans-mesoglea pores provide a structural base for epithelial cells on both sides to form multiple trans-mesoglea cell-cell contacts. Based on these findings, we propose a new model of hydra mesoglea structure.

show abstract

“…Although the molecular nature of the head inhibitor is unknown, it is probably a small diffusible molecule. The epithelial cells within each layer, and between the two layers, are strongly connected to one another by a high density of gap junctions (Wood 1977;West 1978). Blocking gap junction communication between epithelial cells blocked transmission of the head inhibitor (Fraser et al 1987).…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of the Axial Patterning Components Head Inhimentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial Patterning in Hydra

Bode

2009

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The epitheliomuscular cell of hydra: Its fine structure, three-dimensional architecture and relation to morphogenesis

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

Diversity of Cnidarian Muscles: Function, Anatomy, Development and Regeneration

The extracellular matrix of hydra is a porous sheet and contains type IV collagen

Axial Patterning in Hydra

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About