The epithelial barrier: The gateway to allergic, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases and chronic neuropsychiatric conditions

Yazici, Duygu; Ogulur, Ismail; Pat, Yagiz; Babayev, Huseyn; Barletta, Elena; Ardicli, Sena; Bel imam, Manal; Huang, Mengting; Koch, Jana; Li, Manru; Maurer, Debbie; Radzikowska, Urszula; Satitsuksanoa, Pattraporn; Schneider, Stephan R.; Sun, Na; Traidl, Stephan; Wallimann, Alexandra; Wawrocki, Sebastian; Zhakparov, Damir; Fehr, Danielle; Ziadlou, Reihane; Mitamura, Yasutaka; Brüggen, Marie-Charlotte; van de Veen, Willem; Sokolowska, Milena; Baerenfaller, Katja; Nadeau, Kari; Akdis, Mubeccel; Akdis, Cezmi A.

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101846

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Nowadays, increased exposure to epithelial barrier-damaging agents is closely linked with the remarkable rise in many inflammatory disorders. The " Epithelial Barrier Theory " postulates that infectious agents, environmental toxins, pollutants and allergens all exert epithelial barrier-damaging effects by disrupting the epithelial barrier and inducing peri-epithelial inflammation, leading to the inflammation in epithelial barriers [ 9 ••, 15 , 62 – 67 ] (Fig. 2 ).…”

Section: The Epithelial Barrier Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Changes and Industrialization in the Development of Allergic Diseases

Ozdemir,

Kucuksezer,

Ogulur

et al. 2024

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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Purpose of Review Modernization and Westernization in industrialized and developing nations is associated with a substantial increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases. This transformation has far-reaching effects on lifestyles, impacting areas such as economics, politics, social life, and culture, all of which, in turn, have diverse influences on public health. Loss of contact with nature, alternations in the microbiota, processed food consumption, exposure to environmental pollutants including chemicals, increased stress and decreased physical activity jointly result in increases in the frequency of inflammatory disorders including allergies and many autoimmune and neuropsychiatric diseases. This review aims to investigate the relationship between Western lifestyle and inflammatory disorders. Recent Findings Several hypotheses have been put forth trying to explain the observed increases in these diseases, such as ‘Hygiene Hypothesis’, ‘Old Friends’, and ‘Biodiversity and Dysbiosis’. The recently introduced ‘Epithelial Barrier Theory’ incorporates these former hypotheses and suggests that toxic substances in cleaning agents, laundry and dishwasher detergents, shampoos, toothpastes, as well as microplastic, packaged food and air pollution damage the epithelium of our skin, lungs and gastrointestinal system. Epithelial barrier disruption leads to decreased biodiversity of the microbiome and the development of opportunistic pathogen colonization, which upon interaction with the immune system, initiates local and systemic inflammation. Summary Gaining a deeper comprehension of the interplay between the environment, microbiome and the immune system provides the data to assist with legally regulating the usage of toxic substances, to enable nontoxic alternatives and to mitigate these environmental challenges essential for fostering a harmonious and healthy global environment.

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