“…Further, some studies, which have challenged students' problem-solving skills, have suggested student-centered instructional practices for problem-solving (Ali, 2019;Saka, 2011;Çalıskan & Selç uk, 2010;Gök, 2012). Moreover, there have also been few comparative studies that handle different features/factors, e.g., grade, science background (Al-Omari & Miqdadi, 2014;Kırılmazkaya, 2010).…”