The episodic acidification of a stream with elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon

Wellington, Brian I.; Driscoll, Charles T.

doi:10.1002/hyp.5574

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The percentage of DOC exported during events from the forested watershed studied here was 86%, which can thus be viewed as a conservative estimate of the allochthonous/terrestrial contribution to stream DOC export from small (\100 km 2 ) forested watersheds without wetlands. Although the importance of hydrologic events to DOC flux has been demonstrated before (Ciaio and McDiffett 1990;Denning et al 1991;Murdoch and Stoddard 1993;Brown et al 1997;Hinton et al 1998;Volk et al 2002;Even et al 2004;Wellington and Driscoll 2004;Inamdar et al 2006;Saunders et al 2006), this study shows that events dominate DOC flux from forested end-member watersheds on a regional scale. Calculations based on Eq.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…The important contribution of precipitation and snowmelt events to total annual DOC export has been documented (Ciaio and McDiffett 1990;Brown et al 1997;Hinton et al 1998;Volk et al 2002;Even et al 2004;Wellington and Driscoll 2004;Inamdar et al 2006;Saunders et al 2006), and recent observations indicate that the chemical composition and reactivity of soil-water and streamwater DOC changes markedly during rainfall and snowmelt (Easthouse et al 1992;Buffam et al 2001;Kaushal and Lewis 2003;Dalzell et al 2005Dalzell et al , 2007Volk et al 2005;Hood et al 2006;Vidon et al 2008). Although it is evident that hydrologic events (i.e., rainfall, snowmelt) serve as ''hot moments'' for the loss of labile carbon, organic-bound nutrients, and DOCassociated pollutants from the terrestrial landscape (McClain et al 2003), quantitative linkages between event-based DOC concentrations and stream discharge and other watershed characteristics have not been well elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Event controlled DOC export from forested watersheds

2010

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We performed a meta-data analysis to investigate the importance of event based fluxes to DOC export from forested watersheds. A total of 30 small eastern United States forested watersheds with no wetland component, with a total of 5,176 DOC and accompanying discharge measurements were used in this analysis. There is a clear increase in DOC concentration during hydrologic events (storms and snow melt) that follows a power relationship. We estimate that 86% of DOC is exported during events. The majority (70%) of this event based DOC flux occurs during the rising hydrograph and during large events. Events with a discharge greater than 1.38 cm day -1 make up only 4.8% of the annual hydrograph, yet are responsible for 57% of annual DOC flux. The relationship between event discharge and both DOC concentration and flux is also regulated by temperature and antecedent conditions, with a larger response in both fluxes and concentrations to events during warmer periods and periods where the preceding discharge was low. The temperature relationship also shows seasonality indicating a potential link to the size or reactivity of watershed OM pools. The 86% of DOC lost during events represents a conservative estimate of the amount of allochthonous forested DOC transported laterally to streams. Future research on watershed cycling of DOC should take into account the importance of events in regulating the transport of DOC to downstream ecosystems, determine the relative importance of abiotic versus biotic processes for the temperature regulation of eventassociated DOC fluxes, and elucidate the interactions between processes that respond to climate on event versus longer time scales.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event controlled DOC export from forested watersheds

2010

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“…However, the impact of storm events on surface water acidification or other changes in solute chemistry may vary with event size, season, and antecedent moisture conditions. Wellington and Driscoll (2004) found that events following wet conditions produced more severe acid episodes than events following drier conditions. Biron et al (1999) studied solute concentrations during a sequence of fall storms for 2 years with contrasting moisture regimes and found that concentrations during the drier year were higher than those during the wetter year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA

Inamdar

O’Leary

Mitchell

et al. 2006

Hydrological Processes

118

100

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Abstract:This study analysed the importance of precipitation events from May 2003 to April 2004 on surface water chemistry and solute export from a 696 ha glaciated forested watershed in western New York State, USA. The specific objectives of the study were to determine: (a) the temporal patterns of solutes within individual storm events; (b) the impact of precipitation events on seasonal and annual export budgets; and (c) how solute concentrations and loads varied for precipitation events among seasons as functions of storm intensity and antecedent moisture conditions. Analysis of solute trajectories showed that NH 4 C , total Al and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) peaked on the hydrograph rising limb, whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations peaked following the discharge peak. Sulphate and base-cations displayed a dilution pattern with a minimum around peak discharge. End-member mixing analysis showed that throughfall contributions were highest on the rising limb, whereas valley-bottom riparian waters peaked following the discharge peak. The trajectories of NO 3 concentrations varied with season, indicating the influence of biotic processes on the generation, and hence flux, of this solute. Storm events had the greatest impact on the annual budgets for NH 4 C , K C , total dissolved Al, DON and DOC. Storm events during summer had the greatest impact on seasonal solute budgets. Summer events had the highest hourly discharges and high concentrations of solutes. However, NO 3 and DOC exports during a spring snowmelt event were considerably more than those observed for large events during other periods of the year. Comparisons among storms showed that season, precipitation amount, and antecedent moisture conditions affected solute concentrations and loads. Concentrations of solutes were elevated for storms that occurred after dry antecedent conditions. Seven of the largest storms accounted for only 15% of the annual discharge, but were responsible for 34%, 19%, 64%, 13%, 39% and 24% of the annual exports of NH 4 C , K C , Al, NO 3 , DON and DOC respectively. These results suggest that the intense and infrequent storms predicted for future climate-change scenarios will likely increase the exports of solutes like DOC, DON, NH 4 C , Al and K C from watersheds.

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“…Nitrate export from diffuse sources (Burns et al, 1998;Boesch et al, 2001;Rabalais, 2002;De Vries et al, 2003) is a major cause of eutrophication and episodic acidification for inland aquatic systems and coastal zones (Vitousek et al, 1997;Crimo and McDonnell, 1997;Creed and Band, 1998;Galloway et al, 2003;Meader and Goldstein, 2003;Wellington and Driscoll, 2004). Resolving nutrient leaching rates of various diffuse sources may help watershed sustainability management maintaining required water quality and maximizing agricultural activity for food production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

Huang

Lee

Kao

et al. 2012

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Nitrate export in small subtropical watersheds is rarely observed and the estimation of individual land use nitrate yield from a mixed combination within catchments has scarcely been studied. In this study the nitrate concentrations at 16 nested catchments in the Chi-Chia-Wan watershed in Central Taiwan were measured during [2007][2008]. A 3-layer TOPMODEL was applied to estimate daily discharge for ungauged sub-catchments. The observed nitrate concentrations and the simulated discharges were used for nitrate flux estimations through four flux methods. Meanwhile, a new deconvolution computation was developed to resolve the nitrate yield of each land use from within the mixed combinations.The results showed that the observed mean NO 3 -N concentration in relatively pristine catchments was approximately 0.145 ± 0.103 mg l −1 , which is comparable with other forestry catchments around the world. However, the higher rainfall/runoff, substantial N deposition, and other nitrogen sources resulted in significantly higher annual export of approximately 238-1018 kg-N km −2 yr −1 . Our deconvolution computation showed that the background yield of natural forestry was ∼351 ±62 kg-N km −2 yr −1 . On the other hand, the extremely high nitrate yield of active farmland was ∼308, 170 ± 19 241 kg-N km −2 yr −1 due to overfertilization. The deconvolution computation technique is capable of tracing the mixed signals at the outlet back to the nitrate productions from varied land use patterns. It advances the application of river monitoring network. The typical values of nitrate yields can serve as a guideline for land management. Comparing the nitrogen input and output, we found some nitrogen missing in the cycling which may indicate certain removal processes and we therefore suggest further study to be carried out to fully understand nitrogen cycling in subtropics.

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The episodic acidification of a stream with elevated concentrations of dissolved organic carbon

Cited by 39 publications

References 43 publications

Event controlled DOC export from forested watersheds

Event controlled DOC export from forested watersheds

The impact of storm events on solute exports from a glaciated forested watershed in western New York, USA

Land use effect and hydrological control on nitrate yield in subtropical mountainous watersheds

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