The Epidemiology of Trachoma in Mozambique: Results of 96 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys

Abdala, Mariamo; Singano, Carlos C; Willis, Rebecca; Macleod, Colin; Backers, Sharone; Flueckiger, Rebecca; Vilanculos, Anselmo; Terefe, Dantew; Houane, Moises; Bikele, Fitsum; Kello, Amir Bedri; Downs, Philip; Bay, Zulquifla; Senyonjo, Laura; Solomon, Anthony W.

doi:10.1080/09286586.2017.1351996

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Although the singular form of the word “project” is used in its title, the GTMP was actually a series of 55 trachoma mapping projects, each of which mapped between one 6 – 8 and 91 9 evaluation units (EUs) for trachoma. A project covered the trachoma mapping needs of a whole country, or of a regional state (Ethiopia) or state (Nigeria).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Solomon

Willis

Pavluck

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.In collaboration with the health ministries that we serve and other partners, we set out to complete the multiple-country Global Trachoma Mapping Project. To maximize the accuracy and reliability of its outputs, we needed in-built, practical mechanisms for quality assurance and quality control. This article describes how those mechanisms were created and deployed. Using expert opinion, computer simulation, working groups, field trials, progressively accumulated in-project experience, and external evaluations, we developed 1) criteria for where and where not to undertake population-based prevalence surveys for trachoma; 2) three iterations of a standardized training and certification system for field teams; 3) a customized Android phone–based data collection app; 4) comprehensive support systems; and 5) a secure end-to-end pipeline for data upload, storage, cleaning by objective data managers, analysis, health ministry review and approval, and online display. We are now supporting peer-reviewed publication. Our experience shows that it is possible to quality control and quality assure prevalence surveys in such a way as to maximize comparability of prevalence estimates between countries and permit high-speed, high-fidelity data processing and storage, while protecting the interests of health ministries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Solomon

Willis

Pavluck

et al. 2018

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…It is also notable that Zimbabwe borders trachoma-endemic districts in Zambia to the North, 15 and Mozambique to the North-East. 16 As is common in many developing countries, in Zimbabwe's rural districts, factors normally associated with trachoma are present-extreme poverty is commonplace, water access is limited, and sanitation provisions are minimal. However, the status of trachoma endemicity in large areas of the country is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Burden of and Risk Factors for Trachoma in Selected Districts of Zimbabwe: Results of 16 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys

Phiri

Manangazira

Macleod

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

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“…No national blindness study has ever been conducted in Mozambique although several sub-national level studies have been undertaken that focus on speci c population groups or ocular conditions. Between 2012 and 2015, 96 surveys were conducted to map trachoma in 137 districts across the country including both trichiasis among people aged 15 years and above, and trachomatous in ammation-follicular among children aged 1-9 years (15). A Rapid Assessment of Refractive Error, Presbyopia, and Visual Impairment and Associated Quality of Life among people aged 15-50 years was conducted in Nampula province in 2015 (16).…”

Section: Visual Impairment In Mozambiquementioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in prevalence and causes of visual impairment and cataract surgical coverage in Nampula, Mozambique between 2011 and 2018: findings from two cross-sectional surveys

Jolley¹,

Cumaio²,

Vilanculos³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background Globally, there are few examples of repeated eye health surveys to assess changes in prevalence and causes of visual impairment, and service coverage over time. Two separate, unlinked rapid assessments of avoidable blindness (RAAB) were conducted in Nampula province, Mozambique in 2011 and 2018. This paper reports the observed changes and examines how the trends differ for males and females. Methods Standard RAAB methodology was used in both studies. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to generate random samples of adults aged over 50 years. Participants underwent a simplified visual acuity exam focusing on presenting and pinhole visual acuity (VA), a lens exam and posterior segment exam using a direct ophthalmoscope for all subjects with presenting VA < 6/18. Data were analysed using Stata and logistic regression models were developed to assess changes. Results The 2011 study enrolled 3,050 people and examined 96.9% (2,954 people). The 2018 survey enrolled 4,191 people and examined 95.8% (4,015 people). Age and sex adjusted estimates of blindness decreased from 6.2% in 2011 to 4.5% in 2018 (z=-2.21, p = 0.028), severe visual impairment remained the same (2.6% in 2011 and 2.7% in 2018, z = 0.1, p = 0.9) and moderate visual impairment increased (5.9% in 2011 to 11.0% in 2018, z = 5.78, p < 0.001). Cataract surgical coverage was higher among males in both surveys (13.4% among males vs 7.7% among females in 2011, and 40.0% among males vs 19.4% among females in 2018) and the gender disparity grew between surveys. Conclusions Significant changes were observed in the eye health and service coverage between 2011 and 2018. An increase in the proportion of good visual acuity among operated eyes between the surveys is of note and may correspond with improvements made to the services provided in the province. Further improvements to services are required to improve access for women and people with moderate visual impairment.

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The Epidemiology of Trachoma in Mozambique: Results of 96 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys

Abstract: Trachoma represents a significant public health problem in many areas of Mozambique.

Cited by 19 publications

References 22 publications

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

Quality Assurance and Quality Control in the Global Trachoma Mapping Project

The Burden of and Risk Factors for Trachoma in Selected Districts of Zimbabwe: Results of 16 Population-Based Prevalence Surveys

Changes in prevalence and causes of visual impairment and cataract surgical coverage in Nampula, Mozambique between 2011 and 2018: findings from two cross-sectional surveys

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