The epidemiology of tick-borne relapsing fever in Iran during 1997–2006

Asl, Hossein Masoumi; Goya, Mohammad Mahdi; Vatandoost, Hassan; Zahraei, Seyed Mohsen; Mafi, Moharam; Asmar, M; Piazak, N; Aghighi, Zohreh

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2009.01.009

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The highest prevalence was observed in year 2002. Ardabil, Hamedan, and Zanjan provinces had the highest infection rate [10]. In present study, mean age of the participants was 28.3(SD= 20) years and the median age was 20(IQR=32) years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…Previous research has revealed that the borrelia species causing tick-borne relapsing fever in Iran is Borrelia persica [10,13]. In Iran Borrelia persica is reported from old times to be widely spread but mostly found in Ardabil and Azarbayjan provinces as well as regions around Alborz and Zagros mountains [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Relapsing fever, although quite common in some countries, is generally considered as an unusual tropical disease [3][4][5]. Iran is among the main regions where relapsing fever caused by Borrelia persica is an endemic disease [6][7][8][9][10]. In most parts of the world, such as most european countries, the disease is usually an imported case when the diagnosis is made and it is caused by varous species of the microorganism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Ornithodoros erraticus has also been an important vector of the disease in many provinces of Iran including Sistan and Balouchestan, Kerman, Isfahan, Tehran, Khuzestan, Fars and coasts of Persian Gulf [13,14]. Tick-borne relapsing disease is shown to be limited to only 18 provinces of Iran and about 45% of all cases belonged to Ardabil Province [10]. Although clinical presentations of tick-borne relapsing fever is well discussed in literature, our knowledge of the possible biochemical changes after tick-borne relapsing fever is limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory findings in tick-borne relapsing fever

et al. 2013

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Ab s t r a c tPurpose: To investigate some laboratory findings mainly through biochemical/hematological assays in tick-borne relapsing fever in an endemic region where Borrelia persica is known as the responsible spirochete. Methods:A large screening program was conducted in Ardabil Province of Iran to screen 2201 patients who referred with fever to health houses and clinics in Khalkhal, Kosar and Nir districts for a positive smear of tick-borne relapsing fever. Other cases explored in districs health networks or detected by the private clinics were also enrolled. Hematological and biochemical assays were done for the patients with relapsing fever and for healthy controls.Results: Fifty-four percent of the subjects were males and 46% were female participants. The median age of the participants was 20(interquartile range=32) years. Mean white blood cell count(WBC) was 6655 in control group versus 10083 in relapsing fever group(P<0.001). Mean hemoglubin was 13.7 g/dl in control group versus 11.6 g/dl in relapsing fever group(P<0.01). Mean MCHC(mean cell hemoglobin concentration) was 34.1 in control group versus 32.5 in relapsing fever group(P<0.001). Mean 1st hour erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was 7.8 in control group versus 58.9 in relapsing fever group(P<0.001). Mean 2nd hour ESR was 16 in control group versus 63.4 in relapsing fever group(P<0.001). Other parameters were not found to be statistically different between the groups. After controling for age and gender, only the first hour ESR and second hour ESR remained statistically significant, while white blood cell count had a tendancy to being different between relapsing fever and control group subjects. Conclusion:Some hematological parameters such as white blood cell count, hemoglubin, MCHC and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were found to be possibly affected by relapsing fever, while other laboratory measurements didn't appear to be affected by disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory findings in tick-borne relapsing fever

et al. 2013

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“…TBRF is also endemic in the north-west of Iran where clinical and epidemiological studies have been conducted 15,16 . Ardabil province is the first ranked infected area, followed by Hamadan, Zanjan, Kurdistan and Qazvin provinces sequentially 12 . Tick-borne relapsing fever is still a health problem in the rural areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Tick-borne relapsing fever in Sabzevar (Khorasan Razavy Province), North-Eastern Iran

Shayeghi

Piazak

Gollampuor³

et al. 2016

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Background: Soft ticks play an important role in transmission of bacteria, rikettsia and viral diseases to human. In Iran soft ticks of the genus Ornithodoros spread the tick-borne diseases. Objective: Present study was performed to investigate the latest situation of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) among people and tick infectivity to Borrelia in Sabzevar, an endemic tick-borne relapsing fever region in Iran. Methodology: Ticks were collected in the sampled areas of Sabzevar County by clustered random sampling. The suspected cases of TBRF were passively detected in the study villages. Each of Ornitodoros tholozani was separately crushed and resultant homogenate was inoculated intraperitoneally into a white mouse. Results: A total of 3892 soft ticks were collected and identified. The Argas and Ornitodoros genus were observed 69.6 % and 30.4 %, respectively. Argas persicus, Ornitodoros lahorensis, O. tholozani and A. reflexus species were found 68.0 %, 25.6 %, 4.8% and 1.6 %, respectively. A. persicus (68.0 %) and A. reflexus were found as the highest and the lowest frequent species. Totally 5.2 % of O. tholozani ticks infected with Borrelia persica. Among individuals who suspected to the TBRF, 5 cases infected with B. persica. Conclusions: The vector infectivity rates were 5.2 % which can be an important factor and ability to make proper decide decision for better TBRF management and revision of control measures. Also this study raises our country TBRF epidemiological aspects and improves them.

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Immune Resistance by Relapsing Fever Spirochetes

Embers

López²

2012

The Pathogenic Spirochetes: Strategies for Evasion of Host Immunity and Persistence

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The epidemiology of tick-borne relapsing fever in Iran during 1997–2006

Cited by 40 publications

References 7 publications

Laboratory findings in tick-borne relapsing fever

Laboratory findings in tick-borne relapsing fever

Tick-borne relapsing fever in Sabzevar (Khorasan Razavy Province), North-Eastern Iran

Immune Resistance by Relapsing Fever Spirochetes

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