The Epidemiology of Suicide in Young Men in Greenland: A Systematic Review

Sargeant, Hannah; Forsyth, Rebecca; Pitman, Alexandra

doi:10.3390/ijerph15112442

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The findings of this paper are in line with previous epidemiological studies of suicides in Greenland. A systematic review that investigated epidemiological factors of suicide among young men in Greenland found the same increase in suicide rates as were shown in the analyses of period rates in the current study [30]. The results on suicide rates according to age and sex are in accordance with previous findings where youth aged 15 to 24 years have the highest rates across all age groups while young men have the highest rates overall [6,31].…”

Section: The Epidemiology Of Suicide In Greenlandsupporting

confidence: 91%

Time trends and geographical patterns in suicide among Greenland Inuit

et al. 2023

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Background Between 1980 and 2018 Greenland has had one of the highest suicide rates in the world with an average rate of 96 suicides per 100,000 people annually. The aim of this study is to investigate suicide rates in Greenland according to age, birth cohort, period, sex, place of residence and suicide method from 1970 until 2018. Methods Suicide rates were examined using register and census data from 1970–2018 among Greenland Inuit. Rates were calculated by Poisson regression in Stata and by use of Excel. In analyses of the period trends, rates were standardized according to the World Standard Population 2000–2025. Results The suicide rate has been declining since a peak at 120 suicides per 100,000 people annually in the 1980s but remained high at a rate of 81.3 suicides per 100,000 people annually from 2015–2018. Descriptive analyses point to the decrease in male suicides as the primary factor for the overall decreasing rates while the rate among women has been increasing. Simultaneously, the proportion of women who used a violent suicide method increased from 60% in 1970–1979 to 90% in 2010–2018. The highest rates are seen among young people, especially young men aged 20–24 years and youth suicide rates increased with later birth cohorts. When the rates started to increase in the 1980s both the capital Nuuk and East Greenland had the highest rates. Since then, the rate in Nuuk has declined while the rate in East Greenland was three times the national rate from 2015–2018. Conclusions From 1970 to 1989 the suicide rate increased from 28.7 to 120.5 per 100,000 people mirroring a rapid societal transition in the post-colonial period. The rate has slowly declined from the peak in the 1980s but remains at a very high level. Young people in general are at risk, but the steady increase in the rate among women is worrying and there is a need to investigate underlying causes for this development.

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Section: The Epidemiology Of Suicide In Greenlandsupporting

confidence: 91%

Time trends and geographical patterns in suicide among Greenland Inuit

et al. 2023

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“…The gender differences in methods of suicide attempts described in the present study are consistent with recent studies which found a higher prevalence of intoxication among women and more violent methods among men [ 14 , 26 , 42 ]. This points to the need for restricting the availability of different means typically used for attempting suicide.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Suicide attempts among Greenlandic forensic psychiatric patients – prevalence and determinants

Jentz

Nathanielsen

et al. 2022

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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This nationwide cross-sectional study of the lifetime prevalence and determinants of suicide attempts includes 90% of Greenlandic forensic psychiatric patients. Retrospective data were collected from electronic patient files, court documents, and forensic psychiatric assessments using a coding form from a similar study. We used unpaired t-tests and chi 2 or Fisher’s exact test. The lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts was 36% (n = 32), and no difference in prevalence was found between male and female patients (p = 0.95). Patients having attempted suicide had a higher rate of physical abuse in childhood (p = 0.04), family history of substance misuse (p = 0.007), and criminal convictions among family members (p = 0.03) than patients who had never attempted suicide. Women primarily used self-poisoning in their latest suicide attempts (67%), whereas men more often used sharp objects or a firearm (42%). Over a third of Greenlandic forensic patients have attempted suicide at some point in their life, and patients with traumatic childhood experiences are at higher risk of suicidal behaviour. It is not possible to conclude whether the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts among Greenlandic forensic patients is comparable to that of other high-risk groups in other Arctic regions due to methodological differences among the very few other comparable studies.

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“…Being male was considered an important predictor for cocaine use, confirming the findings of one systematic review [ 25 ]. According to a study conducted in a Canadian hospital [ 26 ], there was a high prevalence of males (73.2%) and cocaine use (91.5%) in suicide attempts among drug users.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Factors Associated with Cocaine Consumption among Suicide Victim

Abreu¹,

Conceição

Carvalho

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Cocaine use is an increasingly frequent event, especially in young people, and can cause irreversible consequences, such as suicide. To evaluate the factors associated with cocaine use in the moments preceding to suicide. This is a population-based, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted in the Brazilian Federal District by researchers from the Department of Health and the Civil Police Institute of Criminalistics. All people who died due to suicide in 2018 were included in the survey. Cocaine use was considered the dependent variable, and robust Poisson regression was performed to estimate the crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective population confidence intervals. In 2018, 12,157 deaths were recorded, of which suicide accounted for 1.56% of all deaths. It was observed that being between 25 and 44 years old, male, and under the influence of alcohol or cannabis, had a strong positive association with cocaine consumption among suicide victims. Males, people with black skin, with lower level of education, with employment, and who were under the effect of the use of cannabis and/or alcohol in the previous hours of death had a higher propensity to consume cocaine immediately before suicide, with a moderate to strong magnitude of prevalence ratio. The findings of this research indicated the need for monitoring, by health services, of people most vulnerable to suicide through the consumption of psychoactive substances.

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The Epidemiology of Suicide in Young Men in Greenland: A Systematic Review

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Time trends and geographical patterns in suicide among Greenland Inuit

Time trends and geographical patterns in suicide among Greenland Inuit

Suicide attempts among Greenlandic forensic psychiatric patients – prevalence and determinants

Factors Associated with Cocaine Consumption among Suicide Victim

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