The epidemiology of suicide and parasuicide

Diekstra, René F. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb05368.x

Cited by 269 publications

(157 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…1,2 There is a large body of evidence suggesting that neurobiological factors play a role increasing predisposition to suicide. 3,4 In spite of some overlap, this neurobiological predisposition seems to be, to a considerable extent, different from that mediating risk to major depression or other psychopathological processes commonly present in suicide completers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

et al. 2007

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The limbic system has consistently been associated with the control of emotions and with mood disorders. The goal of this study was to identify new molecular targets associated with suicide and with major depression using oligonucleotide microarrays in the limbic system (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate gryus (BA24) and posterior cingulate gyrus (BA29)). A total of 39 subjects were included in this study. They were all male subjects and comprised 26 suicides (depressed suicides = 18, non depressed suicides = 8) and 13 matched controls. Brain gene expression analysis was carried out on human brain samples using the Affymetrix HG U133 chip set. Differential expression in each of the limbic regions showed group-specific patterns of expression, supporting particular neurobiological mechanisms implicated in suicide and depression. Confirmation of genes selected based on their significance and the interest of their function with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed consistently correlated signals with the results obtained in the microarray analysis. Gene ontology analysis with differentially expressed genes revealed an overrepresentation of transcription and metabolism-related genes in the hippocampus and amygdala, whereas differentially expressed genes in BA24 and BA29 were more generally related to RNA-binding, regulation of enzymatic activity and protein metabolism. Limbic expression patterns were most extensively altered in the hippocampus, where processes related to major depression were associated with altered expression of factors involved with transcription and cellular metabolism. Additionally, our results confirm previous evidence pointing to global alteration of gabaergic neurotransmission in suicide and major depression, offering new avenues in the study and possibly treatment of such complex disorders. Overall, these data suggest that specific patterns of expression in the limbic system contribute to the etiology of depression and suicidal behaviors and highlight the role of the hippocampus in major depression.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

et al. 2007

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“…Suicide ranks among the top 10 causes of death for individuals of all ages (Diekstra, 1993). In Japan, there are more than 30 000 deaths from suicide per year (a rate of B24/100 000), which is three times the number of deaths from traffic accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of RGS2 Gene Polymorphisms with Suicide and Increased RGS2 Immunoreactivity in the Postmortem Brain of Suicide Victims

Cui

Nishiguchi

Ivleva

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Regulators of G-protein signaling are a family of proteins that negatively regulate the intracellular signaling of G protein-coupled receptors, such as the serotonin receptor. Recent studies have suggested that one of these proteins, the regulator of G-protein signaling 2 (RGS2), plays an important part in anxiety and/or aggressive behavior. To explore the involvement of the RGS2 gene in the vulnerability to suicide, we screened Japanese suicide victims for sequence variations in the RGS2 gene and carried out an association study of RGS2 gene polymorphisms with suicide victims. In the eight identified polymorphisms that were identified by mutation screening, we genotyped four common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RGS2 gene, and found significant differences in the distribution of the SNP3 (C + 2971G, rs4606) genotypes and alleles of the SNP2 (C-395G, rs2746072) and the SNP3 between completed suicides and the controls. The distribution of the haplotype was also significantly different between the two groups (global po0.0001). Furthermore, RGS2 immunoreactivity significantly increased in the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann area 9 (BA9)) of the postmortem brain of the suicide subjects. These findings suggest that RGS2 is genetically involved in the biological susceptibility to suicide in the Japanese population.

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“…Worldwide, suicide ranks among the top ten causes of death in young males and consequently, it is one of the leading causes of potential years of life lost. 1 Although less imposing, suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are quite frequently observed and also inflict a heavy burden on society. The etiology of suicidal behavior is certainly complex, with different factors likely playing an important role.…”

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confidence: 99%

TPH and suicidal behavior: a study in suicide completers

et al. 2000

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An association between the gene that codes for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH)-the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin-and suicidal behavior has been investigated with some detail in samples of living subjects who attempted suicide. In this study, we investigated TPH and suicide completion, the most severe form of suicidal behavior. A relatively large sample of suicide completers (n = 101) was genotyped at three TPH loci (two polymorphisms in the promoter region, A-6526G and G-5806T, and one in intron 7, A218C) and compared to psychiatrically normal living controls (n = 129). Although no significant differences were found between groups for genetic variation at single loci, haplotype analysis revealed that one haplotype (-6526G -5806T 218C) was significantly more frequent among suicide cases than in normal controls ( 2 = 11.30, df = 2, P = 0.0008; OR = 2.0 CI: 1.30-3.6). Further analyses suggested that this haplotype is particularly more frequent among subjects who committed suicide using violent methods. Similar results were observed in recent haplotype analyses in suicide attempters, which found that the equivalent of haplotype -6526G -5806T 218C was more frequent in impulsive attempters (Rotondo et al, Mol Psychiatry 1999; 4: 360-368). Our results replicate in suicide completers previous data observed in suicide attempters. These and other results continue to point to the substantial role that the gene that codes for TPH may play in the neurobiology of suicidal behavior Molecular Psychiatry (2001) 6, 98-102.Suicidal behavior-which is often regarded as comprising suicide completion, suicide attempt and suicidal ideation-is an important public-health problem. Worldwide, suicide ranks among the top ten causes of death in young males and consequently, it is one of the leading causes of potential years of life lost. 1 Although less imposing, suicide attempts and suicidal ideation are quite frequently observed and also inflict a heavy burden on society. The etiology of suicidal behavior is certainly complex, with different factors likely playing an important role. Among these are genetic factors, as suggested by several genetic-epidemiologic studies. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Trying to identify specific genes that may increase the predisposition of subjects to attempt suicide, considerable attention has been paid to the possible role of the gene that codes for tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH). TPH is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxygenation of tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan, which is then decarboxylated to serotonin. In light of the important body of evidence consistently suggesting that subjects with suicidal behavior have reduced serotonergic neurotransmission, 8 TPH is certainly an interesting candidate gene.Following a 1994 report 9 of an association between variation at TPH and suicide attempts in a group of violent offenders, several studies were published trying to replicate this finding. Although additional reports are consistent with the presence of this association, 10-12 there remains some controver...

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The epidemiology of suicide and parasuicide

Cited by 269 publications

References 26 publications

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

Patterns of gene expression in the limbic system of suicides with and without major depression

Association of RGS2 Gene Polymorphisms with Suicide and Increased RGS2 Immunoreactivity in the Postmortem Brain of Suicide Victims

TPH and suicidal behavior: a study in suicide completers

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