The Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong Epidemic: An Analysis of All 1755 Patients

Leung, Gabriel M.; Hedley, Anthony J.; Ho, Lok Sang; Chau, Patsy; Wong, Irene; Thach, Thuan Quoc; Ghani, Azra C.; Donnelly, Christl A.; Fraser, Christophe; Riley, Steven; Ferguson, Neil; Anderson, Roy M.; Tsang, Thomas; Leung, Pak-Yin; Wong, Vivian; Chan, James C.; Tsui, Eva L. H.; Lo, Su‐Vui; Lam, Tai Hing

doi:10.7326/0003-4819-141-9-200411020-00006

Cited by 318 publications

(329 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Quarantine involves the segregation of healthy contacts and it was the policy for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in many countries. Such a drastic measure for SARS was carried out for the sake of caution, but the present evidence does not support the need for quarantine because subclinical infection is shown to be almost nonexistent [16] and even mildly symptomatic cases have not been reported [17].…”

Section: General Measures Within Healthcare Settingscontrasting

confidence: 63%

Infection prevention and control measures for acute respiratory infections in healthcare settings: an update

Seto¹,

Conly²,

Pessoa-Silva³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

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Viruses account for the majority of the acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) globally with a mortality exceeding 4 million deaths per year. The most commonly encountered viruses, in order of frequency, include influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza and adenovirus. Current evidence suggests that the major mode of transmission of ARIs is through large droplets, but transmission through contact (including hand contamination with subsequent selfinoculation) and infectious respiratory aerosols of various sizes and at short range (coined as "opportunistic" airborne transmission) may also occur for some pathogens. Opportunistic airborne transmission may occur when conducting highrisk aerosol generating procedures and airborne precautions will be required in this setting. General infection control measures effective for all respiratory viral infections are reviewed and followed by discussion on some of the common viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and the recently discovered novel coronavirus. RÉSUMÉ Les virus sont responsables de la majorité des infections des voies respiratoires aiguës dans le monde avec une mortalité supérieure à quatre millions de décès par an. Les virus les plus fréquents sont, par ordre décroissant, celui de la grippe, le virus respiratoire syncytial, le virus paragrippal et l'adénovirus. Les données actuellement disponibles laissent penser que les grosses gouttelettes constituent le principal mode de transmission des infections des voies respiratoires aiguës, mais que la transmission par le contact (notamment la contamination par les mains suivie par une auto-inoculation) et par des aérosols respiratoires infectieux de différentes tailles et de courte portée (appelées transmissions par voie aérienne « opportunistes ») peut aussi se produire pour certains agents pathogènes. Une transmission par voie aérienne opportuniste peut survenir lors de l'utilisation de procédures générant des aérosols impliquant un risque élevé. Dans ce cas, des précautions contre une transmission aérienne sont requises. Des mesures de lutte anti-infectieuses générales efficaces contre toutes les infections respiratoires virales font l'objet d'un examen puis de discussions concernant certains virus courants, notamment le coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère et le nouveau coronavirus découvert récemment. ‫للمعلومات‬ ‫حتديث‬ ‫الصحية

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Section: General Measures Within Healthcare Settingscontrasting

confidence: 63%

Infection prevention and control measures for acute respiratory infections in healthcare settings: an update

Seto¹,

Conly²,

Pessoa-Silva³

et al. 2013

East Mediterr Health J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The course of the pandemic is thus unpredictable at this stage but it is evident that international multilateral plans and agreements have enabled much greater coordination of communication and action than ever before. The guidance behind these multilateral international actions, rooted in the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005, only came into being five years ago in response to the threat of emerging infectious diseases and particularly by the events related to the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (Katz, 2009 (Leung et al, 2004). The SARS outbreak overloaded the health care system in Hong Kong and depressed the economy further.…”

Section: The Emergence Of the Novel H1n1 Virus: Implications For Globmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence of the novel H1N1 virus: implications for global mental health

Chan

Lam

Chiu

2009

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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The emergence of the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans has aroused great concern among medical professionals about the possible evolution of a full-blown influenza pandemic, one on the scale of the “Spanish” influenza pandemic of 1918–19 (Belshe, 2009). It has been speculated that the return of a pandemic virus equivalent in pathogenicity to the virus of 1918 would likely kill more than 100 million people worldwide, including a large number of economically active young people (Taubenberger and Morens, 2006). Health administrations worldwide have stepped up reporting and surveillance of the deaths and illnesses associated with H1N1, and most countries have national strategies to fight the outbreak, though skeptics doubt how such plans could be operationalized, especially in developing countries (Coker, 2009). As of 6 July 2009, the cumulative total of H1N1 cases exceeds 90,000 in over 100 countries, with over 400 deaths directly related to the infection (World Health Organization, 2009a). Optimists might believe this pandemic is not going to match the scale of the historical 1918 pandemic given the relatively low fatality rate observed thus far. However, the World Health Organization has cautioned that we have just entered Phase 6 of the pandemic – i.e. we are in the early days of the 2009 flu pandemic (Chan, 2009). The course of the pandemic is thus unpredictable at this stage but it is evident that international multilateral plans and agreements have enabled much greater coordination of communication and action than ever before. The guidance behind these multilateral international actions, rooted in the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005, only came into being five years ago in response to the threat of emerging infectious diseases and particularly by the events related to the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) (Katz, 2009). The morbidity and mortality directly resulting from this novel influenza A H1N1 outbreak are in the center of the world media's spotlight, but the potential impact of the pandemic on global mental health has not yet received the attention it deserves.

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“…SARS demonstrated rapid amplification within hospitals, and there were a number of deaths among healthcare professionals. 5 There is as yet no proven treatment.…”

Section: Respiratory Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection for the acute physician

Bewick¹,

Lim²

2009

Clinical Medicine

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The Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in the 2003 Hong Kong Epidemic: An Analysis of All 1755 Patients

Abstract: This analysis of the complete data on the 2003 SARS epidemic in Hong Kong has revealed key epidemiologic features of the epidemic as it evolved.

Cited by 318 publications

References 26 publications

Infection prevention and control measures for acute respiratory infections in healthcare settings: an update

Infection prevention and control measures for acute respiratory infections in healthcare settings: an update

The emergence of the novel H1N1 virus: implications for global mental health

Infection for the acute physician

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