The Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, With Special Reference to Studies With Nematode Parasites of Sheep*

Gordon, H. McL.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1948.tb01569.x

Cited by 143 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Importantes princípios da epidemiologia das helmintoses gastrintestinais de ruminantes foram fundamentados em contribuições de vários autores como Sprent, 1946;Gordon, 1948;Roberts et al, 1952;Lee et al, 1960;Reinecke, 1960;Le Jambre e Royal, 1980;Lichtenfels et al, 1994. Estudos sobre ocorrência de helmintoses gastrintestinais em animais adultos têm sido relatados mundialmente (WARUIRU, et al, 1998;AGNEESSENS et al, 2000;CHOLLET et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Freqüência e intensidade parasitária de helmintos gastrintestinais em bovinos abatidos em frigorífico da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Bresciani

Nascimento²,

Costa³

et al. 2001

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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Parasitary gastrointestinal helminths frequency and intensity were studied in 48 female bovines, with different zebu and taurine crossbreeding degrees, ages ranging between 24 and 30 months, from eight counties in the Northwest of São Paulo State, slaughtered at Frigorífico Montenegro, Araçatuba, São Paulo (Brazil) and four animals were monthly necropsied over one year. The identified gastrointestinal helminth species were: Cooperia punctata, Cooperia pectinata, Haemonchus similis, Haemonchus placei and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Among the 48 animals, 21 (43,8%) were carrying Haemonchus spp. The Haemonchus similis and the Haemonchus placei species were identified isolated at an equivalent rate (10,4%), being simultaneous infection registered in 22,9% of the cases. In small intestine, 26 bovines (54,2%) showed Cooperia punctata. Ten male Cooperia pectinata were identified in only one bovine that also carried 310 Cooperia punctata. In the large intestine, 20 bovines (41,7%) showed Oesophagostomum radiatum. Mixed infections occurred in 52,1% of the animals, simple infections in 12%, and 22,9% of the bovines did not have gastrointestinal helminths.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Freqüência e intensidade parasitária de helmintos gastrintestinais em bovinos abatidos em frigorífico da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Bresciani

Nascimento²,

Costa³

et al. 2001

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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“…The chances of at least a small part of the population successfully completing the life cycle is greatly enhanced by the high biotic potential of these parasites. For example, the nematode H. contortus is highly fecund, a single adult female can shed between 5000 and 10 000 eggs per day (Gordon, 1948;Levine and Todd, 1975). Infections normally comprise at least several hundred adults, so, once introduced, H. contortus can establish and rapidly increase levels of pasture contamination.…”

Section: Helminth Parasitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and infectious disease: helminthological challenges to farmed ruminants in temperate regions

Dijk

Sargison

Kenyon

et al. 2010

Animal

202

123

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In the UK, recent mean temperatures have consistently increased by between 18C and 48C compared to the 30-year monthly averages. Furthermore, all available predictive models for the UK indicate that the climate is likely to change further and feature more extreme weather events and a trend towards wetter, milder winters and hotter, drier summers. These changes will alter the prevalence of endemic diseases spatially and/or temporally and impact on animal health and welfare. Most notable among these endemic parasites are the helminths, which have been shown to be very strongly influenced by both the shortterm weather and climate through effects on their free-living larval stages on pasture. In this review, we examine recent trends in prevalence and epidemiology of key helminth species and consider whether these could be climate-related. We identify likely effects of temperature and rainfall on the free-living stages and some key parasite traits likely to determine parasite abundance under changed climatic conditions. We find clear evidence that climate change, especially elevated temperature, has already changed the overall abundance, seasonality and spatial spread of endemic helminths in the UK. We explore some confounders and alternative explanations for the observed patterns. Finally, we explore the implications of these findings for policy makers and the livestock industry and make some recommendations for future research priorities.

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“…Climatic variables have long been known to influence the prevalence of infectious pathogens in animals (Gordon, 1948). However, the thick walled characteristics of E. granulosus eggs means that they are highly resistant to adverse climatic effects (Thevenet et al, 2005) and desiccation and reduced viability is less likely to occur in comparison to thinned shelled eggs or oocysts of other parasites (King et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well known that varying climatic conditions can influence the incidence of infectious pathogens in animals (Gordon, 1948). Climatic conditions can influence not only presence of infection in animals but also their ability to shed and disseminate the pathogen, which is important to maintain the enzootic cycle of infectious disease.…”

Section: Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

Harriott¹

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Established wildlife populations within peri-urban and urban environments provide an opportunity for the spread of zoonotic pathogens to and from human-associated environments. Wild dogs, including dingoes (Canis lupus dingo), feral domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and their cross breeds (hybrids) are common across the Australian mainland, and hybrid populations are particularly frequent within peri-urban environments. Previous studies have shown that wild dogs carry zoonotic pathogens of public health significance, however, data relating to peri-urban wild dogs has been limited to a few studies with a small geographical range and / or small sample size.To address the potential public health implications of peri-urban wild dogs, information regarding pathogen diversity, prevalence, risk factors and geographical distribution are required.To investigate the diversity and prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in peri-urban wild dogs, a cross sectional survey was undertaken. Utilising council management programs and private trappers, 201 wild dogs were collected for necropsy. Analysis of faecal and blood samples indicated that helminth parasites were common, detected within 79.6  5.4 % of wild dogs tested, however bacterial pathogens were much less prevalent. Echinococcus granulosus was the most prevalent parasite detected by necropsy, (prevalence 50.7  6.9 %). Hookworms were found to comprise the second most common pathogen of zoonotic significance with an overall prevalence of 28.8% ( 7.1%).Molecular characterisation identified the majority as Ancylostoma caninum. Several pathogens of zoonotic interest were not detected during the study, namely Brucella suis and Neospora caninum.This study provided essential baseline data on the prevalence of pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dog populations in north-eastern Australia, which is required to inform the management of wild dogs in peri-urban areas.Characteristics of the most prevalent parasitic pathogens and their lifecycles suggested possible associations between the diet composition of wild dogs and their infection status. Whole stomachs were collected during necropsy and analysed for dietary composition and biomass. The majority of food items detected were mammalian prey species, most commonly: swamp wallaby (20.6  6.08%); canine species (prey) (10.6  4.62%); eastern grey kangaroo (10.0  4.51 %); and deer species (10.0  4.51%). Wild dogs that consumed swamp wallaby (OR 1.79, p<0.05) or unidentified species of macropods (OR 4.18, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with E. granulosus than dogs who had consumed non-macropod species. Wild dogs that had consumed various bird (OR 7.80, p<0.01) or bandicoot species (OR 3.09, p<0.01) were found to be significantly more likely to be infected with hookworm compared to dogs that had consumed ii macropods. These findings suggest that diet composition is an important contributing factor to the infection status of wild dogs.To explore the geographical distribution of pathogens a...

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The Epidemiology of Parasitic Diseases, With Special Reference to Studies With Nematode Parasites of Sheep*

Cited by 143 publications

References 17 publications

Freqüência e intensidade parasitária de helmintos gastrintestinais em bovinos abatidos em frigorífico da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Freqüência e intensidade parasitária de helmintos gastrintestinais em bovinos abatidos em frigorífico da região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo, SP, Brasil

Climate change and infectious disease: helminthological challenges to farmed ruminants in temperate regions

Prevalence, risk factors, and geographical distribution of zoonotic pathogens carried by peri-urban wild dogs

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