The epidemiology of Newcastle disease in rural poultry: A review

Awan, Muhammad Ali; Otte, M. J.; James, Allison

doi:10.1080/03079459408419012

Cited by 107 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Bell and Mouloudi (1988) Ethiopia. Such a phenomenon has been described by Awan et al (1994) and has considerable implications in the epidemiology of the disease. Another interesting possibility is that circulating avirulent strains may be causing seroconversion and providing some degree of protection against virulent NDV, as has previously been reported (Turner et al, 1976;Spradbrow, et al, 1980;Samuel and Spradbrow, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Class II includes strains of low and high virulence isolated from poultry and wild birds. The disease is endemic in the village poultry population in Africa (Bell et al, 1990;Echeonwu et al, 1993;Awan et al, 1994;Chrysostome et al, 1995;Orjaka et al, 1999;Abolnik et al, 2004;Otim et al, 2004;Zeleke et al, 2005;Snoeck et al, 2009;Servan de Almeida et al, 2009, Cattoli et al, 2010, Rasamoelina Andriamanivo et al, 2012 and is regarded as the most important constraint to the development, survival and productivity of village chicken flocks (Alexander et al, 2004;Alder, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological and molecular investigation of Newcastle disease in household chicken flocks and associated markets in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia

Chaka

Goutard

Gil

et al. 2012

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Cross-sectional surveys for Newcastle disease (ND) were conducted in non-vaccinated household flocks of village chickens to assess the serological and virological ND status in households and associated live bird markets. In total 1899 sera and 460 pools of cloacal and tracheal swabs were sampled and tested using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR), respectively. Additionally, paired cloacal and tracheal swabs from 1269 individual chickens were collected from markets and tested using RT-PCR. The prevalence of households with at least one seropositive chicken was higher during the dry season (27.4%) than during the wet season (17.4%) (P = 0.003). Viral genome was detected in 14.2% of households during the wet season using a fusion (F) gene assay and in 23.5 % of households during the dry season using a polymerase (L) gene assay that targets both class I and class II viruses. At the markets sampled overall bird level prevalence was 4.9% for period 1 (F gene assay), and 38.2% and 27.6% for periods 2 and 3, respectively (L gene assay). Partial sequencing of the F gene (239 bp) cleavage site indicated that the majority of the circulating strains exhibited motifs specific to virulent strains. Seroepidemiology coupled with molecular analysis can be a useful tool to assess the status of NDV infection. The village chicken population in Ethiopia is endemically infected with virulent NDV that pose a significant threat to emerging small and medium scale commercial poultry production.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological and molecular investigation of Newcastle disease in household chicken flocks and associated markets in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia

Chaka

Goutard

Gil

et al. 2012

Trop Anim Health Prod

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“…The disease particularly affects the livelihood of people across the developing world where poultry and poultry products are the major source of protein and income. In Africa, the disease is enzootic and devastates traditional village poultry farming (26). It is thought that virulent NDV strains are constantly evolving in areas of the world where it is enzootic and that Africa is a major breeding ground for such viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

et al. 2013

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e Newcastle disease (ND) is a deadly avian disease worldwide. In Africa, ND is enzootic and causes large economic losses, but little is known about the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains circulating in African countries. In this study, 27 NDV isolates collected from apparently healthy chickens in live-bird markets of the West African countries Benin and Togo in 2009 were characterized. All isolates had polybasic fusion (F)-protein cleavage sites and were shown to be highly virulent in standard pathogenicity assays. Infection of 2-week-old chickens with two of the isolates resulted in 100% mortality within 4 days. Phylogenetic analysis of the 27 isolates based on a partial F-protein gene sequence identified three clusters: one containing all the isolates from Togo and one from Benin (cluster 2), one containing most isolates from Benin (cluster 3), and an outlier isolate from Benin (cluster 1). All the three clusters are related to genotype VII strains of NDV. In addition, the cluster of viruses from Togo contained a recently identified 6-nucleotide insert between the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and large polymerase (L) genes in a complete genome of an NDV isolate from this geographical region. Multiple strains that include this novel element suggest local emergence of a new genome length class. These results reveal genetic diversity within and among local NDV populations in Africa. Sequence analysis showed that the F and HN proteins of six West African isolates share 83.2 to 86.6% and 86.5 to 87.9% identities, respectively, with vaccine strain LaSota, indicative of considerable diversity. A vaccine efficacy study showed that the LaSota vaccine protected birds from morbidity and mortality but did not prevent shedding of West African challenge viruses.

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“…Other diseases such as intestinal parasitism, poor nutrition and immunosuppression, and harsh environmental conditions could exacerbate the severity of the disease in village chickens. Reports of isolation of velogenic ND virus (NDV) from several outbreaks of ND and even from apparently healthy birds have been common (1,3,6). But studies of the sequential pathogenesis of velogenic ND under experimentally controlled conditions have been limited.…”

Section: S Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The velogenic Newcastle disease (ND) is a major disease problem of poultry birds in Africa and Asia (3,22). The exotic chickens used in commercial poultry production in these places are routinely vaccinated against ND.…”

Section: S Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caractérisation pathologique chez des poulets du virus vélogénique de la maladie Newcastle isolé chez une pintade

Okoye

Agu

Chineme

et al. 2000

Rev. Elev. Med. Vet. Pays Trop.

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Une bande de 160 coquelets Harco âgés de six semaines ont été inoculés par voie intramusculaire avec un isolat nigérian local de virus vélogénique de la maladie de Newcastle (VMN) obtenu à partir d'une pintade morte. Des signes cliniques de la maladie, principalement la dépression, des diarrhées verdâtres, la paralysie, l'opisthotonos et le torticolis, ont pu être observés sur les volailles trois jours après l'inoculation. Le taux de morbidité a été de 100 p. 100 alors que celui de mortalité a été de 92 p. 100. Au dix-huitième jour après l'inoculation, seul le torticolis a été encore présent chez certaines volailles. Les lésions macroscopiques principales ont été les hémorragies dans les muqueuses proventriculaires, des ulcères hémorragiques des intestins et une atrophie transitoire des organes lymphoïdes. Des coupes d'organes ont révélé des nécroses et des déplétions lymphocytaires des organes lymphoïdes, une endothéliose, une gliose et des manchons périvasculaires du cerveau et du cervelet. Ces observations ont indiqué que l'isolat provenait d'une souche vélogénique viscérotropique. Les auteurs proposent de considérer les ulcères hémorragiques dans les intestins comme des éléments diagnostiques du VMN vélogénique viscérotropique en l'absence de preuve épizootiologique de virus grippal aviaire.

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The epidemiology of Newcastle disease in rural poultry: A review

Cited by 107 publications

References 20 publications

Serological and molecular investigation of Newcastle disease in household chicken flocks and associated markets in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia

Serological and molecular investigation of Newcastle disease in household chicken flocks and associated markets in Eastern Shewa zone, Ethiopia

Phylogenetic and Pathotypic Characterization of Newcastle Disease Viruses Circulating in West Africa and Efficacy of a Current Vaccine

Caractérisation pathologique chez des poulets du virus vélogénique de la maladie Newcastle isolé chez une pintade

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