The epidemiology of melioidosis in Australia and Papua New Guinea

Currie, Bart J.; Fisher, Dale; Howard, Diane; Burrow, James N.; Selva-Nayagam, Sid; Snelling, Paul; Anstey, Nicholas M.; Mayo, Mark

doi:10.1016/s0001-706x(99)00060-1

Cited by 210 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A recent small outbreak of melioidosis in a northern Australian community occurred during failure of the community's potable water supply chlorine treatment plant (Inglis et al, 1999;Inglis et al, 2000). There has also been evidence that the water supply may have been the principal means of infection in other melioidosis case clusters (Ketterer et al, 1986;Currie and Fisher, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

Howard¹,

Inglis²

2005

Water Research

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The effect of chlorine, monochloramine and UV disinfection on the water-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei was assessed. Persistence of B. pseudomallei was verified by MPN involving a one-step recovery procedure. Chlorine proved the most effective disinfectant with a 99.99% reduction of a 10 6 CFU/mL pure bacterial culture followed by 99.9% reduction by monochloramine and 99% reduction by UV. Co-culture of B. pseudomallei with Acanthamoeba astronyxis was found to greatly enhance survival of B. pseudomallei in the presence of all disinfecting agents tested. For example, when amoebae were present 100 times more monochloramine was required to maintain the disinfectant efficacy. Given the results obtained from these co-culture experiments, more research is needed to investigate the role of amoeba and biofilms in survival of B. pseudomallei in potable water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

Howard¹,

Inglis²

2005

Water Research

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“…The outbreak occurred during failure of the chlorine supply to the community's water treatment plant . Other melioidosis case clusters also show evidence that the water supply may have been the principal vehicle of infection (Ketterer et al, 1986;Currie et al, 2000). Chlorine is the most widely used method for disinfecting water supplies against possible bacteriological contamination (Miche and Balandreau, 2001), however, there may be an increased resistance of bacterial strains to chlorine inactivation (Mir et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of free chlorine on Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

Howard¹,

Inglis²

2003

Water Research

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Chlorine is widely used in public water supplies to provide a disinfection barrier. The effect of chlorine disinfection on the water-borne pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei was assessed using multiple techniques. After exposure to chlorine viable bacteria were undetectable by conventional plate count techniques, however persistence of B. pseudomallei was verified by flow cytometry and bacteria were recoverable following a simple one step broth procedure. The minimum residual chlorine concentration and contact time as prescribed by potable water providers in Australia was insufficient to reduce a B. pseudomallei population by more than 2 log 10 . Chlorine had a bacteriostatic effect only on B. pseudomallei; viable bacteria were recovered from water containing up to 1000 ppm free chlorine. This finding has practical implications for water treatment in regions where B. pseudomallei is endemic. Future work to assess the effect of alternative water disinfection processes either singly or in sequence is necessary.

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“…Clinical manifestations are extremely variable, ranging from subacute and chronic suppurative infections to acute pneumonias and fulminating septicemias (4,36). The infection is acquired by percutaneous inoculation, ingestion, or inhalation of B. pseudomallei after an exposure to contaminated water, soil, or aerosols (7,36). The mortality rate is very high despite prolonged antibiotic treatment (6,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Burkholderia pseudomallei-Induced Expression of a Negative Regulator, Sterile-α and Armadillo Motif-Containing Protein, in Mouse Macrophages: a Possible Mechanism for Suppression of the MyD88-Independent Pathway

2011

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Burkholderia pseudomallei, a causative agent of melioidosis, is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that can survive and multiply in macrophages. Previously, we demonstrated that B. pseudomallei failed to activate gene expression downstream of the MyD88-independent pathway, particularly the expression of beta interferon (IFN-␤) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), leading to the inability of macrophages to kill this bacterium. In the present report, we extended our study to show that B. pseudomallei was able to activate sterile-␣ and Armadillo motif (SARM)-containing protein, a known negative regulator of the MyD88-independent pathway. Both live B. pseudomallei and heat-killed B. pseudomallei were able to upregulate SARM expression in a time-dependent manner in mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. The expression of SARM required bacterial internalization, as it could be inhibited by cytochalasin D. In addition, the intracellular survival of B. pseudomallei was suppressed in SARM-deficient macrophages. Increased expression of IFN-␤ and iNOS and degradation of I B␣ correlated with enhanced macrophage killing capability. These results demonstrated that B. pseudomallei modulated macrophage defense mechanisms by upregulating SARM, thus leading to the suppression of IFN-␤ and iNOS needed for bacterial elimination.

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The epidemiology of melioidosis in Australia and Papua New Guinea

Cited by 210 publications

References 31 publications

Disinfection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

Disinfection of Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

The effect of free chlorine on Burkholderia pseudomallei in potable water

Burkholderia pseudomallei-Induced Expression of a Negative Regulator, Sterile-α and Armadillo Motif-Containing Protein, in Mouse Macrophages: a Possible Mechanism for Suppression of the MyD88-Independent Pathway

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