The Epidemiology of Listeriosis in the United States—1986

Gellin, Bruce G.; Broome, Claire V.; Bibb, W F; Weaver, Robert E.; Gaventa, Suzanne; Mascola, Laurene

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115893

Cited by 186 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…The presence of L. monocytogenes in cheese and pasteurized milk is a public health hazard for consumers due to the fact that dairy products have been implicated in many human listeriosis outbreaks both as invasive and non-invasive forms [27][28][29]. There is a universal trust among the general public that pasteurized milk and milk products from processing plants are safe and therefore, most individuals in urban areas consume pasteurized milk and dairy products (cheese; yoghurt) with seemingly no knowledge of the possibility of post-production contamination of these products.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and milk products from central highlands of Ethiopia

Seyoum

Woldetsadik

Mekonen

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Listeria monocytogenes is of major significance in human and veterinary medicine. Most human Listeria infections are foodborne and the association of contaminated milk and dairy produce consumption with human listeriosis is noteworthy. In Ethiopia, there is limited data regarding the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and dairy products. The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and dairy produce. Methodology: A total of 443 milk and milk product samples were microbiologically analyzed following methods recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual to isolate Listeria spp. Results: The overall prevalence of Listeria spp. was 28.4% and specifically that of L. monocytogenes was 5.6%. Taking the prevalence of Listeria spp. into consideration, cheese was found to be highly contaminated at 60%, followed by pasteurized milk samples (40%), raw milk (18.9%) and yoghurt (5%). Considering the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes only, raw milk had the lowest contamination while cheese had the highest, followed by pasteurized milk and yoghurt. Conclusions: Raw milk and milk products produced in urban and peri-urban areas of central Ethiopia were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, L. monocytogenes. The detection of this pathogen in raw milk and milk products warrants an urgent regulatory mechanism to be put in place and also the potential role of milk processing plants in the contamination of dairy products should be investigated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and milk products from central highlands of Ethiopia

Seyoum

Woldetsadik

Mekonen

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Listeria accounts for 5% of EOS in premature neonates; however, the overall incidence is low, at 2 to 13/100,000 live births, in the United States and Europe (61,62). The organism is a Gram-positive bacillus which has the ability to survive environmentally in soil and is typically acquired in the diet through contamination of meats, poultry, dairy products, and fresh produce.…”

Section: Listeria Monocytogenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY Early-onset sepsis remains a common and serious problem for neonates, especially preterm infants. Group B streptococcus (GBS) is the most common etiologic agent, while Escherichia coli is the most common cause of mortality. Current efforts toward maternal intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis have significantly reduced the rates of GBS disease but have been associated with increased rates of Gram-negative infections, especially among very-low-birth-weight infants. The diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is based on a combination of clinical presentation; the use of nonspecific markers, including C-reactive protein and procalcitonin (where available); blood cultures; and the use of molecular methods, including PCR. Cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cell surface antigens, including soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM) and CD64, are also being increasingly examined for use as nonspecific screening measures for neonatal sepsis. Viruses, in particular enteroviruses, parechoviruses, and herpes simplex virus (HSV), should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Empirical treatment should be based on local patterns of antimicrobial resistance but typically consists of the use of ampicillin and gentamicin, or ampicillin and cefotaxime if meningitis is suspected, until the etiologic agent has been identified. Current research is focused primarily on development of vaccines against GBS.

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“…It is the third cause of meningitis after E. coli and Streptococcus agalactiae [19] . While the incidence of human listeriosis is low at 2-15 cases per million and mortality rate in the USA about 20% [12] and in people with suppressed immune system, mortality rate might reach up to 75% [17] . Besides the other routes of transmission, different varieties of RTE foods are the main vehicle of transmission and a primary source of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Meat Products

Abdelgadir¹,

Srivastava²,

Reddy³

2009

American J. of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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Problem statement: The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes and to screen large number of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat samples. Approach: A total of 250 fresh RTE meat samples of different varieties (chicken, turkey, beef, pork and cold cuts) were purchased from local grocery stores. Results: From the 250 total samples, 50 samples were randomly selected and subjected to DNA extraction, and immunomagnetic Separation (IMS) followed by RT-PCR analysis using primers against L. monocytogenes specific gene (hlyA). Five RTE samples negative by culture and by RT-PCR were spiked with L. monocytogenes (ATCC-19111) and used as positive controls. While all positive samples were detected as positive, all 50 samples were negative with both methods i.e., IMS followed by hlyA gene-based RT-PCR assay and the standard culture methods. Following this, all the 250 samples were tested by standard culture method as well as the IMS+RT-PCR assay. Five samples (2.0%) were presumptively diagnosed as positive for Listeria on Oxford agar. All the five confirmed to be positive for L. monocytogenes by IMS+RT-PCR assay. Conclusion/Recommendations: The IMS + RT-PCR procedure was considerably more rapid and required only 28 h compared to 96-120 h for the conventional culture method. This method would be useful as the criteria for addressing the costly meat recalls and reducing outbreaks.

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The Epidemiology of Listeriosis in the United States—1986

Cited by 186 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and milk products from central highlands of Ethiopia

Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in raw bovine milk and milk products from central highlands of Ethiopia

Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Meat Products

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