The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in the Western Cape, South Africa

Andersson, MI; Maponga, Tongai; Ijaz, Samreen; Barnes, Jo; Theron, Gerhard; Meredith, Sandra; Preiser, Wolfgang; Tedder, Richard S.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.028

Cited by 66 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This data confirms that the Congo is countries with high prevalence of HBV country and high risk of vertical transmission [2]. [19], 61% in Zimbabwe [20] and lower, 5% in Spain [21]; 33% South Africa [22]. Geographical differences, local epidemiology, cultural practices including contamination at a very early in life may explain the variation in HBV prevalence of these markers in pregnant women from different countries.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Prevalence of Serologic Markers and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women in Brazzaville, Congo

2016

IJSR

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Prevalence of Serologic Markers and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women in Brazzaville, Congo

2016

IJSR

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“…The HBV sequences identified are in keeping with other sequences from SA, where the main hepatitis B genotypes are A and D. [15,16] The use of only 188 nucleotide positions for phylogenetic analysis limits the conclusions that can be reached, but is adequate to show that our sequences cluster with sequences obtained from our region by other researchers. We found concentrations of HBV DNA of between <20 and 45 IU/ mL in clipper wash. Welzel et al [17] calculated a ratio of 1 IU:10 DNA copies in their laboratory.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Blood and virus detection on barber clippers

et al. 2018

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Background.Bleeding from the popular clean-shave 'chiskop' haircut was recently reported as prevalent in South Africa (SA), a country with 6.9 million HIV-infected people. Objectives. To investigate the prevalence of barber hair clipper contamination with blood and HIV and hepatitis B viruses. Methods. Fifty barbers from three townships in Cape Town, SA, were invited to participate. One clipper from each barber was collected immediately after it had been used for a clean-shave haircut. Each clipper was rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline and then submerged in viral medium. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the blood-specific RNA marker haemoglobin beta (HBB), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HIV. Conclusion. This study confirms that there is significant contamination of barber hair clippers with blood and blood-borne viruses. Hepatitis B was detected with enough DNA copies to pose a risk of transmitting infection. Although HIV was not detected in this small study, the risk of transmission should be quantified. Further studies to investigate barber clipper sterilisation practices and whether the clean-shave hairstyle is an independent risk factor for HIV, HBV and hepatitis C virus infections are warranted. Public education on individual clipper ownership (as is the case with a toothbrush) should be advocated for clean-shave and blade-fade haircuts.

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“…But HBV infection prevalence among pregnant women living in Nigeria, Uganda, Ethiopia, Mauritania, Mali, Yemen and South Africa was much higher than the prevalence among Iranian pregnant women. In addition, Pakistani, Libyan and Turkish pregnant women were slightly more infected than Iranian women (4,7,(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51). Higher infection rates in most African countries and lower rates among women in most European countries indicates the effect of health promotion and vaccine coverage on the patterns of infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection among Pregnant Women in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Background: Hepatitis B infection can be transmitted both vertically and horizontally. Although the universal neonatal vaccination and catch up vaccination of teenagers along with targeted vaccination of at risk population have decreased the prevalence of HBV infection in Iran dramatically, there is still risk of vertical transmission with subsequent chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of latent HBV infection among Iranian pregnant women using metaanalysis method.Data Sources: Papers written in Persian or English were identified during a comprehensive search within five national and four international main databases. Study Eligibility Criteria and Participants:Studies reported the HBV infection prevalence among Iranian pregnant women and provided enough quality scores were selected for this meta-analysis. Methods:After a systematic review of national and international databases, duplicated and irrelevant studies were excluded. Standard error of the infection prevalence was calculated based on the binomial distribution. Because of the significant heterogeneity observed among the results, random effects model was applied to combine the results of the primary studies. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and meta-regression models were used to detect the sources of this heterogeneity.Results: At final step of the systematic search, 18 papers entered into the meta-analysis investigating 24853 pregnant women. Prevalence of HBV infection among Iranian pregnant women was estimated as 1.2% (95% confidence interval: 0.9 -1.6). Among different risk factors assessed, only familial history in four studies out of five relevant evidences was statistically significant. Conclusions:HBV infection prevalence among Iranian pregnant women is low and familial history is its major determinant.

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The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in the Western Cape, South Africa

Abstract: HighlightsHIV-infected pregnant women have evidence of HBV escape compared to uninfected women.One in six HBV-infected pregnant women is HBeAg seropositive, regardless of HIV status.These data support the call to implement a birth dose of HBV vaccine.

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Prevalence of Serologic Markers and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women in Brazzaville, Congo

Prevalence of Serologic Markers and Risk Factors for Hepatitis B Virus among Pregnant Women in Brazzaville, Congo

Blood and virus detection on barber clippers

Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus infection among Pregnant Women in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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