The Epidemiology of End-Stage Renal Disease among African Americans

Martins, David; Tareen, Naureen; Norris, Keith C.

doi:10.1097/00000441-200202000-00002

Cited by 73 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This last point must be underlined. Actually, compared with the general population, the proportion of African American ESRD patients in the United States is impressive (13,20,22,23). In the same way, African American subjects have a relatively higher risk of macroalbuminuria and of a longitudinal rise in creatinine (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Creatinine-Based Equations Accurate to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in African American Populations?

Delanaye

Mariat²,

Maillard³

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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SummaryRegarding the high prevalence of African American patients with ESRD, it is important to estimate the prevalence of early stages of chronic kidney disease in this specific population. Because serum creatinine concentration is dependent on muscular mass, an ethnic factor has to be applied to creatinine-based equations. Such ethnic factors have been proposed in the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study equation and in the more recent Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. This review analyzes how these correction factors have been developed and how they have, or have not, been validated in external populations. It will be demonstrated that the African American factor in the MDRD study equation is accurate in African American chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. However, it will be shown that this factor is probably too high for subjects with a GFR of >60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2 , leading to an underestimation of the prevalence of CKD in the global African American population. It will also be confirmed that this ethnic factor is not accurate in African (non-American) subjects. Lastly, the lack of true external validation of the new CKD-EPI equations will be discussed. Additional trials seem necessary in American African and African populations to better estimate GFR and apprehend the true prevalence of CKD in this population with a high renal risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the Creatinine-Based Equations Accurate to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in African American Populations?

Delanaye

Mariat²,

Maillard³

et al. 2011

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…We included race as a study variable because racial disparities exist in both prevalence of ESRD and use of SNFs (17,18). Race as recorded in the Medicare denominator file was aggregated into three categories (white, black, and other) because ,1% of the parent study's cohort had race besides white or black (1).…”

Section: Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Acute Care among Patients with ESRD Discharged Home from Skilled Nursing Facilities

Hall

Toles

Massing

et al. 2015

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…[23][24][25][26][27] Essential hypertension is a common syndrome, likely polygenic, which occurs with far higher prevalence in blacks compared with the general U.S. population. 28 ESRD is also especially common in blacks, 29 -31 and hypertension is a particularly prominent antecedent of the nephrosclerosis diagnosis, 26,[32][33][34] which seems to aggregate in black families. 32,34,35 Recent studies of the epidemiology of black ESRD, and the search for sources of genetic risk, coincide with studies of genetic (essential) hypertension.…”

Section: Heredity and Esrdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Furthermore, in our study, we excluded individuals with other known or potential ESRD risk factors, such as diabetic nephropathy or illicit drug abuse. 15,28 Admixture Another potential pitfall in genetic studies of blacks is the possibility of differential admixture between cases and controls, 69,70 which may lead to artifact conclusions based on comparisons of genetically dissimilar populations. In this study, we estimated admixture for non-ESRD and ESRD patients groups by comparing genotype frequencies at 23 loci outside the genes of interest.…”

Section: Strengths and Limitations Of This Study Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromogranin A Polymorphisms Are Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease

Salem

Cadman²,

Chen³

et al. 2008

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Chromogranin A is released together with epinephrine and norepinephrine from catecholaminergic cells. Specific endopeptidases cleave chromogranin A into biologically active peptide fragments, including catestatin, which inhibits catecholamine release. Previous studies have suggested that a deficit in this sympathetic "braking" system might be an early event in the pathogenesis of human hypertension. Whether chromogranin A (CHGA) polymorphisms predict end-organ complications of hypertension, such as end-stage renal disease, is unknown. Among blacks, we studied common genetic variants spanning the CHGA locus in 2 independent case-control studies of hypertensive ESRD. Two haplotypes were significantly more frequent among subjects with hypertensive ESRD: 1) in the promoter (5Ј) region, G-462A3T-415C3C-89A, haplotype ATC (adjusted odds ratio ϭ 2.65; P ϭ 0.037), and 2) at the 3Ј-end, C11825T (3Ј-UTR, Cϩ87T)3G12602C, haplotype TC (adjusted odds ratio ϭ 2.73, P ϭ 0.0196). Circulating levels of catestatin were lower among those with hypertensive ESRD than controls, an unexpected finding given that peptide levels are usually elevated in ESRD because of reduced renal elimination. We found that the 3Ј-UTR ϩ 87T variant decreased reporter gene expression, providing a possible mechanistic explanation for diminished catestatin. In summary, common variants in chromogranin A associate with the risk of hypertensive ESRD in blacks.

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The Epidemiology of End-Stage Renal Disease among African Americans

Cited by 73 publications

References 36 publications

Are the Creatinine-Based Equations Accurate to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in African American Populations?

Are the Creatinine-Based Equations Accurate to Estimate Glomerular Filtration Rate in African American Populations?

Utilization of Acute Care among Patients with ESRD Discharged Home from Skilled Nursing Facilities

Chromogranin A Polymorphisms Are Associated With Hypertensive Renal Disease

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