The epidemiology of EBV and its association with malignant disease

Hjalgrim, Henrik; Friborg, Jeppe; Melbye, Mads

doi:10.1017/cbo9780511545313.054

Cited by 100 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 230 publications

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“…Interestingly, EBV may remain latent in memory cells for an extended period in blood or take a longer time before it reaches a small, stable stage. Copy number range of 1 to 50 of EBV DNA may be detected in a healthy person infected with EBV in white blood cells (WBC) [122]. PCR and real-time PCR sensitivity and specificity vary based on detection methods as well as laboratory to laboratory practise [118, 123, 124].…”

Section: Ebv Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Singh

Jha

2017

Journal of Oncology

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Epstein-Barr virus is a ubiquitous human herpesvirus whose primary infection causes mononucleosis, Burkett's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, autoimmune diseases, and gastric cancer (GC). The persistent infection causes malignancies in lymph and epithelial cells. Helicobacter pylori causes gastritis in human with chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation is thought to be the cause of genomic instability. About 45%-word population have a probability of having both pathogens, namely, H. pylori and EBV. Approximately 180 per hundred thousand population is developing GC along with many gastric abnormalities. This makes GC the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although lots of research are carried out individually for EBV and H. pylori, still there are very few reports available on coinfection of both pathogens. Recent studies suggested that EBV and H. pylori coinfection increases the occurrence of GC as well as the early age of GC detection comparing to individual infection. The aim of this review is to present status on coinfection of both pathogens and their association with GC.

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Section: Ebv Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Singh

Jha

2017

Journal of Oncology

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“…Although infection is frequently asymptomatic, it has been linked to a number of serious diseases such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (1). Like other herpesviruses, EBV can exist in both lytic and latent phases, with primary lytic infections often progressing to lifelong latent infections with generally sporadic subsequent episodes of lytic reactivation (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Bidirectional Transcription of the Epstein-Barr Virus Genome during Reactivation

O’Grady¹,

Cao²,

Strong³

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) reactivation involves the ordered induction of approximately 90 viral genes that participate in the generation of infectious virions. Using strand-specific RNA-seq to assess the EBV transcriptome during reactivation, we found extensive bidirectional transcription extending across nearly the entire genome. In contrast, only 4% of the EBV genome is currently bidirectionally annotated. Most of the newly identified transcribed regions show little evidence of coding potential, supporting noncoding roles for most of these RNAs. Based on previous cellular long noncoding RNA size calculations, we estimate that there are likely hundreds more EBV genes expressed during reactivation than was previously known. Limited 5= and 3= rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) experiments and findings of novel splicing events by RNA-seq suggest that the complexity of the viral genome during reactivation may be even greater. Further analysis of antisense transcripts at some of the EBV latency gene loci showed that they are "late" genes, they are nuclear, and they tend to localize in areas of the nucleus where others find newly synthesized viral genomes. This raises the possibility that these transcripts perform functions such as new genome processing, stabilization, organization, etc. The finding of a significantly more complex EBV transcriptome during reactivation changes our view of the viral production process from one that is facilitated and regulated almost entirely by previously identified viral proteins to a process that also involves the contribution of a wide array of virus encoded noncoding RNAs. IMPORTANCE Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)is a herpesvirus that infects the majority of the world's population, in rare cases causing serious disease such as lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. Using strand-specific RNA-seq, we have studied viral gene expression during EBV reactivation and have discovered hundreds more viral transcripts than were previously known. The finding of alternative splicing and the prevalence of overlapping transcripts indicate additional complexity. Most newly identified transcribed regions do not encode proteins but instead likely function as noncoding RNA molecules which could participate in regulating gene expression, gene splicing or even activities such as viral genome processing. These findings broaden the scope of what we need to consider to understand the viral manufacturing process. As more detailed studies are undertaken they will likely change the way we view this process as a whole. E pstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human gammaherpesvirus that is prevalent in all human populations. Although infection is frequently asymptomatic, it has been linked to a number of serious diseases such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder (1). Like other herpesviruses, EBV can exist in both lytic and latent phases, with primary lytic infections often progressing to lifelong latent infections with generally sporadic subsequent episodes o...

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“…In elderly with decreased immune response, EBV infections are caused by reactivation. Reactivation of latent EBV is clinically important in immunocompromised conditions [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infection is most likely spread through saliva, its incubation period is about four to eight weeks. Viruses reach CNS through neuronal or hematogenous paths [9]. Pathological finding can be seen in acute condition of viral encephalitis, there are infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the meningens surrounding the wall of vessels [8].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningoencephalitis Caused by Epstein-barr Virus in Adult with Lung Tuberculosis

Widayanti¹,

Tjoa²,

Tasia³

et al. 2017

JNSK

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections usually cause mild symptoms and resolves spontaneously, however the virus may cause severe complications such as neurological diseases, malignant diseases and myocarditis. Determining a diagnosis requires molecular, serological and imaging procedures. The therapeutic modalities for EBV-related severe organ damage including central nervous system manifestations are still uncertain. We report a 31-year-old man with lung tuberculosis with EBV meningoencephalitis presenting with prolonged fever and altered consciousness. Cranial imaging was consistent with meningoencephalitis characteristics. The diagnosis was made by EBV-DNA amplification in cerebrospinal fluid samples. In this case report, we aim to describe a meningoencephalitis caused by EBV in adult with underlying other organ infection.have antibodies to the virus [1,2]. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in primary EBV infection in adults is rare, with less than 8% of cases found. EBV was found as a causative agent in 2 to 5% of viral encephalitis and meningitis cases [3].Involvement of EBV in CNS includes encephalitis, meningitis, cerebellitis, myelitis, plexitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis [2,[4][5][6]. This case report aims to describe a patient with lung tuberculosis showing symptoms and signs of meningoencephalitis caused by EBV. Case ReportA 31-year-old man was admitted to the emergency room with a history of unconsciousness since the day before admission. He previously had 6 days of fluctuating fever and headache. The patient had some behavioral changes since six days before admission such as deliriousness, incoherence and anxiousness. There were involuntary movements in both his hands. He was diagnosed with miliary type lung tuberculosis (TB) 3 months ago. He was given a regimen of antituberculosis drugs which he consumed for only two months before stopping for one month.On admission, he was sopor (Glasgow Coma Scale E2M5V2) and his vital signs recorded were blood pressure 110/70 mmHg, heart rate 70x/minute, respiratory rate 32x/minute, and temperature 37oC. There was crackles in right lung examination. In the neurologic examination there was nuchal rigidity, positive Kernig sign, hemiparesis in right extremities, and positive Babinski sign.Initial investigations including hematologic, liver function, renal function and random plasma glucose did not show any abnormalities, except for a decrease in serum sodium 123 mmol/L. Anti-HIV test was negative, with normal CD4 count, CD 8 count and CD4:CD8 ratio. Serology test for syphilis were normal. Blood culture was negative for bacteria.The chest X-ray revealed no abnormality at this admission. Contrast-enhanced CT scan conducted on admission was consistent with meningoencephalitis characteristics and hydrocephalus sign was noted. He was diagnosed with TB meningoencephalitis and lung tuberculosis with history incompliance to TB therapy. He was treated with ceftriaxone, the same antituberculosis drug regimen and dexamethasone therapy with tapering...

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The epidemiology of EBV and its association with malignant disease

Cited by 100 publications

References 230 publications

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Status of Epstein-Barr Virus Coinfection withHelicobacter pyloriin Gastric Cancer

Global Bidirectional Transcription of the Epstein-Barr Virus Genome during Reactivation

Meningoencephalitis Caused by Epstein-barr Virus in Adult with Lung Tuberculosis

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