The epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Golestan Province, Iran: A cross-sectional study of 8-years

Abstract

BackgroundLeishmaniasis occurs with an incidence of 0.5–1.5 million new cases annually, and is also endemic in 88 countries across the world.AimPresently, we aimed to investigate the status of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) in Golestan Province in North of Iran.MethodsA retrospective survey was conducted on existed data of 6873 patients with CL who attended to Health Centers in Golestan Province during 2010 to 2017 years. Data were collected using patient sheets and online registry form of CL. Descriptive statistical methods such as mean and standard deviation, and Chi-square test were employed to report and analyze results. p-Value <0.05 was considered significant.ResultsCL cases were more common in men 3885 (56.7%) than women 2965 (43.3%) (p = 0.001). The most and least cases was reported in 2017 and 2104 as 18 and 3 CL cases, accordingly. CL was mainly happen in the November (3816 cases), December (2832 cases) months. Presently, CL gradually increases in the last three years from 2014 to 2017 years.ConclusionDecrease of exposurement, improve the nutrition and child's immunity can be more beneficial.

Reemergence of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic focus, northeastern Iran

“…In the present study, most of the patients were male, which is in accord with the results of other studies in Golestan ( Jorjani et al, 2019 ), Mazandaran ( Ghavibazou et al, 2019 ), Northkhorasan ( Alavinia et al, 2009 ) and Qom ( Rostami et al, 2013 ) provinces, and also the study carried out over four decades in Iran ( Piroozi et al, 2019 ). The higher leishmaniasis cases in men seems to be due to more outdoor activity and less coverage compared with women wearing Hijab in Muslim countries, leading to being bitten more by sand flies.…”

“…They are the active age group who might be exposed to sand fly bites due to the existing sand fly breeding places and reservoir host colony near human dwellings in the study area. This finding is in accordance with studies conducted in Golestan ( Jorjani et al, 2019 ) and Kerman ( Khosravi et al, 2017 ) provinces, in northern and southeastern Iran, respectively. However, contradict with studies conducted in the areas with low endemicity of CL such as Mazandaran ( Ghavibazou et al, 2019 ), in northern and Kashan ( Moein et al, 2018 ), in central Iran, which reported the highest incidence in the age group of 20–29 years.…”

“…This monthly distribution is due to the duration of disease and reflects the rural type of disease in the present study. In other studies, for example in Golestan ( Jorjani et al, 2019 ) and Mazandaran ( Ghavibazou et al, 2019 ), the peak of disease distribution was in November, in North Khorasan Province ( Alavinia et al, 2009 ) in September and in Kashan ( Moein et al, 2018 ) and Qom ( Rostami et al, 2013 ) in central Iran, in Autumn.…”

Spatial dynamics and socioeconomic factors correlated with American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Pernambuco, Brazil from 2008 to 2017

“…However, there was an increase in the incidence rates in the second period. Such casuistry was observed in Brazil from 1985 onwards, where an increasing number of cases presented transmission peaks every 5 years 3 , corresponding to the increasing incidence observed in the provinces of Iran 29,31,32 and Ethiopia 30 . Moreover, the increased incidence may be related to the anthropic actions due to socioeconomic pressure, especially the disordered urbanization that contributes to the domination of the sandfly responsible for transmission of the disease [10][11][12][13] .…”

The impact of visiting operational departments on improving public health students’ learning about Rabies preventions, coetaneous Leishmaniasis, and serological tests of Brucellosis: a learning trip

“…Located in the north of Iran, Golestan province is characterized by its geographical, climatic, and ecological diversity as well as the movement of population within and outside of it, and is witness to common and endemic contagious diseases such as animal bites, CL, and Brucellosis. CL and some cases of visceral Leishmaniasis have long existed in north and north-eastern areas of the province around Maraveh Tappeh and Gonbad-e Kavous counties as a prevalent and endemic disease [10].…”