The Epidemiology of COVID-19, Attitudes and Behaviors of the Community During the Covid Pandemic in Indonesia

Abstract

The rapid development of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, as well as the spread of COVID-19 which has almost reached all provinces in Indonesia with the number of cases and the number of deaths increasing, has put Indonesia in a public health emergency. The high number of cases of death in Indonesia with CFR (5.0%) is very disturbing and worrisome for the community. Our review focuses on the epidemiology of the spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia as well as changes in people's attitudes and behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Indonesia is also infected by this virus. COVID-19 in Indonesia first reported two cases on March 2, 2020. On March 11, 2020, for the first time an Indonesian citizen died from Covid-19. East Java Province is the province with the most positive cases found. Because a vaccine that can dispel COVID-19 has not been found, in the end the Stay At Home movement is the most appropriate alternative to reduce the chance of contracting COVID-19 while maintaining cleanliness such as providing disinfectants, using masks, washing hands, exercising physical distance, avoiding crowds and so on. -Other etc. As a result, all activities are hampered, be it in the fields of economy, tourism, and others. Of course, many losses have been caused. However, seen from the obstacles that have occurred, there have been some significant changes that have occurred, especially in the attitude of the community so that they can continue their activities until these attitudes have turned into new habits. What is most visible from changes in community behavior is the discipline of people wearing masks, maintaining physical distance, and always maintaining hand hygiene. In essence, many innovative behaviors suddenly emerged during the COVID-19 outbreak.

Pandemi COVID-19: Dampak Kesehatan, Ekonomi, & Sosial

“…Namun demikian, infeksi COVID-19 juga menunjukkan gejala yang cukup berat, khususnya pada kelompok-kelompok tertentu. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa terdapat kelompok yang memiliki kerentanan yang cukup tinggi untuk terinfeksi COVID-19, seperti jenis kelamin pria, orang tua, perokok, mobilitas tinggi, serta kelompok dengan penyakit penyerta, (Hipertensi, Diabetes mellitus, Jantung, dan Asma) (Kahar et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020;Liu et al, 2020). Gejala-gejala yang dialami oleh kelompok tersebut biasanya cukup berat hingga dapat menyebabkan kematian.…”

“…Namun demikian, beberapa negara masih menunjukkan tingkat kematian akibat COVID-19 yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya Indonesia. Kahar et al (2020) menyatakan bahwa CFR Indonesia merupakan yang tertinggi di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Kemenkes (2021) mela -porkan bahwa hingga akhir 2020, CFR di Indonesia masih sebesar 4,35% walaupun terus menunjukkan penurunan.…”

“…Penelitian oleh Wenham et al (2020) menyatakan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan gender yang nyata pada kasus infeksi COVID-19. Namun demikian, perbedaan ditemukan berkaitan dengan fatalitas kasus, dimana infeksi berat dan kasus meninggal akibat COVID-19 pada laki-laki relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan (Kahar et al, 2020;Li et al, 2020). Hal tersebut kemungkinan berkaitan perbedaan imunitas antara laki-laki dan perempuan.…”

“…COVID-19 merupakan penyakit pernafasan. Sementara itu, perilaku yang dapat menurunkan kualitas pernafasan seperti merokok lebih banyak ditemukan pada laki-laki dibandingkan perempuan (Kahar et al, 2020;Wenham et al, 2020).…”

“…Selain itu, kelompok usia 31-45 tahun juga memiliki persentase kasus positif yang cukup tinggi mencapai lebih dari 27%. Beberapa penelitian membuktikan bahwa usia merupakan salah satu faktor determinan yang memengaruhi transmisi COVID-19, bahkan jumlah infeksi berat dan kematian semakin meningkat seiring peningkatan kelompok usia (Kahar et al, 2020;Lakshmi Priyadarsini & Suresh, 2020;Liu et al, 2020). Tingginya infeksi dan fatalitas COVID-19 pada kelompok usia tua berkaitan dengan penurunan imunitas pada kelompok usia tersebut.…”