The Epidemiology of Bacterial Diseases in Food-Size Channel Catfish

Wagner, Bruce A.; Wise, David J.; Khoo, Lester H.; Terhune, Jeffery S.

doi:10.1577/1548-8667(2002)014<0263:teobdi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 167 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Prevention is a key element in the control of disease establishment (Wagner et al 2002). A good level of understanding of the various factors predisposing to or causing diseases in farmed fish (Menzies et al 1996) allows more efficient disease control in fish populations.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Infectious diseases require the presence of the pathogen, combined with the optimal environmental conditions for the disease and a susceptible host (Snieszko 1974, Hedrick 1998. Prevention is a key element in the control of disease establishment (Wagner et al 2002). A good level of understanding of the various factors predisposing to or causing diseases in farmed fish (Menzies et al 1996) allows more efficient disease control in fish populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors affecting variation in mortality of marine Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland

Soares

Murray²,

Crumlish³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Databases of site production have an important role to play in the investigation and understanding of diseases, since they store valuable amounts of disease and management data. Diseases pose an important constraint to economic expansion of aquaculture. They are dependent on the complex interacting factors of pathogen, environment, and host, and the causes of death can be related to nutritional, environmental, and genetic factors of the host or infectious agents. We examined the drivers of mortality from a single site-production database, which represented one-third of Scottish farmed salmon Salmo salar L. production in 2005, to determine whether mortality 'benchmarking' data could be generalised across sites and production cycles. We show that farm mortality records play an important role in studying mortality losses and identifying of management problems in production. We found that mortalities varied across the months of the year and with the time of year of initial stocking. Production cycles that started in the third quarter of the year had the highest mortality overall. Furthermore, we found site-to-site variation in mortality that may have been caused by either random occurrence of epidemics and environmental events or other local effects.KEY WORDS: Mortality · Disease · Database · Aquaculture Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 103: [101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] 2013 host (Snieszko 1974, Hedrick 1998. Prevention is a key element in the control of disease establishment (Wagner et al. 2002). A good level of understanding of the various factors predisposing to or causing diseases in farmed fish (Menzies et al. 1996) allows more efficient disease control in fish populations. Early and precise diagnosis, effective prevention measures and accurate epidemiological surveys are essential for minimizing the impact of infectious and non-infectious diseases in fish culture.In the production of marine salmon, the variation in data management among sites is broad, as is seen in other agricultural sectors such as the dairy industry (Kelton et al. 1997). Site management databases may vary from simple and paper-based through to complex computerised systems (Soares et al. 2011). A wide range of information is recorded in these databases, which often includes water temperature, stock origin, age, feed intake and mortality. These databases have an important role to play in the investigation and understanding of diseases, since they store valuable data for epidemiologists and can allow quantification of production losses over time. Furthermore these data can facilitate development of effective disease control strategies (Menzies et al. 1996, Crockford et al. 1999) through epidemiology.One of the most important variables recorded at the farm level is fish mortality rate (MacIntyre 2008, Anonymous 2009, Soares et al. 2011, which may include the cause of death, e.g. environmental problems, predators or disease (MacIntyre 2008, North et al. 2008...

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Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting variation in mortality of marine Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland

Soares

Murray²,

Crumlish³

et al. 2013

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Flavobacterium columnare (Bacteroidetes) is a member of the natural aquatic microbial community [22,42], but it is also an important fish pathogen worldwide, causing significant economic losses for the freshwater aquaculture industry [11,40,56]. F. columnare has been shown to persist long periods in the environment outside the host [2,49] and it has been suggested that environment can serve as a reservoir of the bacteria between the outbreak seasons [22,36].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Nutrient Concentration Can Induce Virulence Factor Expression and Cause Higher Virulence in an Environmentally Transmitted Pathogen

et al. 2016

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Environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogens shuttle between two substantially different environments: outside-host and within-host habitats. These environments differ from each other especially with respect to nutrient availability. Consequently, the pathogens are required to regulate their behavior in response to environmental cues in order to survive, but how nutrients control the virulence in opportunistic pathogens is still poorly understood. In this study we examined how nutrient level in the outside-host environment affects the gene expression of putative virulence factors of the opportunistic fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare. The impact of environmental nutrient concentration on bacterial virulence was explored by cultivating the bacteria in various nutrient conditions, measuring the gene expression of putative virulence factors with RTqPCR, and finally, experimentally challenging rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry with these bacteria. Our results show that increased environmental nutrient concentration can increase the expression of putative virulence genes, chondroitinase (cslA) and collagenase, in the outside-host environment and may lead to more rapid fish mortality. These findings address that the environmental nutrients may act as significant triggers of virulence gene expression and therefore contribute to the interaction between an environmentally transmitted opportunistic pathogen and its host.

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“…Columnaris disease-related problems also occur world-wide in many other species of freshwater fish (e.g., rainbow trout, salmon, and tilapia), and this disease can result in heavy economic losses to these aquaculture industries [1,2]. The etiological agent for columnaris disease is the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare which is a Gram-negative motile rod (2-10 μm in length) in the family Flavobacteriaceae [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial activities of metabolites from Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore) against fish pathogenic bacteria

Schrader¹

2015

J Drug Metab Toxicol

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One approach to the management of common fish diseases in aquaculture is the use of antibioticladen feed. However, there are public concerns about the use of antibiotics in agriculture and the potential development of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Therefore, the discovery of other environmentally safe natural compounds as alternatives to antibiotics would benefit the aquaculture industries. Four natural compounds, commonly called platanosides,isolated from the leaves of the American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) tree were evaluated using a rapid bioassay for their antibacterial activities against common fish pathogenic bacteria including Flavobacterium columnare, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Streptococcus iniae. The four isomers and a mixture of all four isomers were strongly antibacterial against isolates of F. columnare and S. iniae. Against F. columnare ALM-00-173, 3 and 4 showed the strongest antibacterial activities, with 24-h 50% inhibition concentration (IC 50 ) values of 2.13 ± 0.11 and 2.62 ± 0.23 mg/L, respectively. Against S. iniae LA94-426, 4 had the strongest antibacterial activity, with 24-h IC 50 of 1.87 ± 0.23 mg/L. Neither a mixture of the isomers nor any of the individual isomers were antibacterial against isolates of E. ictaluri and A. hydrophila at the This is an open

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The Epidemiology of Bacterial Diseases in Food-Size Channel Catfish

Cited by 167 publications

References 40 publications

Factors affecting variation in mortality of marine Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland

Factors affecting variation in mortality of marine Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Scotland

High Nutrient Concentration Can Induce Virulence Factor Expression and Cause Higher Virulence in an Environmentally Transmitted Pathogen

Antibacterial activities of metabolites from Platanus occidentalis (American Sycamore) against fish pathogenic bacteria

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