The epidemiology and incidence of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during 2017-2019

Melebari, Sami; Bakri, Rowaida; Hafiz, Abdul; Qabbani, Fadel; Khogeer, Asim; Alharthi, Ismail; Alhazmi, Sultan; Almalki, Yehya Ahmed Masi; Bulkhi, Rasha A.; Gammash, Razaz; Hakim, A. Ulil Fadli; Alkhyami, Ahmed; Bazaid, Mohamed; Mohammad, T.

doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.11.20210124

Cited by 16 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“… Agarose gel electrophoresis for the detection of amplified dengue virus RNA in Ae aegypti samples by RT-PCR using D1 and D2 primers. Lane ( 1 ) 100 bp DNA marker, lane (2-4) positive mosquito samples, lane (5-7) positive control, lane ( 8 , 9 ) positive mosquito samples. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, internal factors, including ecological changes, urbanization, and human behaviors that increase breeding sites, facilitate the spread of Ae aegypti ( 5 , 6 ). All three cities in the Hajj and Umrah regions have had major dengue outbreaks from time to time ( 7 – 9 ). In 2009, the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) reported 3350 cases of DF in the KSA and estimated the case fatality rate to be 4.6 per 1000 ( 8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Dengue Virus From Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in Field-Caught Samples From Makkah Al-Mokarramah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Using RT-PCR

Ali

Babalghith

Bahathig

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Dengue fever (DF) is endemic to Makkah and Jeddah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). However, until recently, the circulation of dengue virus (DENV) in Aedes mosquitoes in these areas was unknown. Serological surveillance of DENV in Ae aegypti is a powerful tool for early detection of dengue outbreaks and essential for developing effective control strategies. Therefore, this research aimed to examine a sample of adult Ae aegypti mosquitoes from Makkah, KSA, to detect DENV. In total, 1295 Ae aegypti mosquitoes were collected from the field from target areas of Makkah with a high incidence and prevalence of DF. The samples were divided into 259 coded pools (five mosquitoes in each) and preserved in 1.5 mL plastic tubes. The tubes were labeled, capped, and stored at−86°C until use. RT-PCR was used to detect DENV in the samples. All positive pools were confirmed by RT-PCR. The RT-PCR products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis (1.5% agarose in Tris-acetate EDTA buffer), stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized. DENV was isolated from six female Ae Aegypti collected from six pools (out of 259 pools). No other viruses were detected. Only five of the nine target localities had positive pools. Samples from the remaining four localities yielded negative results. Four DENV-positive mosquitoes were collected at the aquatic stages, and two were collected at the adult stage. These results show the circulation of DENV in adult mosquitoes and offspring, indicating vertical transmission of DENV. In conclusion, this study found that, in Makkah, DENV is circulating in dengue vectors with a high significance rate, suggesting the possibility of a dengue outbreak in the future; therefore, a sensitive surveillance system is vital to predict the outbreak and for early intervention and control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Dengue Virus From Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in Field-Caught Samples From Makkah Al-Mokarramah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Using RT-PCR

Ali

Babalghith

Bahathig

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Aedes aegypti remains the primary vector for dengue transmission in Oman, similar to what was identified in western Saudi Arabia. 15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Saudi females had a higher risk rate of DF with no reported increase in dengue-related deaths. 15 This finding might be related to females being exposed to mosquitos more often in households during their daily activities or being conscious of self-reporting. There may also be gender disparities in how people report illnesses or how they seek medical help.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dengue Fever in a Recent Outbreak in Oman: A Single Center Retrospective-cohort Study

Awaidy¹,

Khamis²,

Al‐Zakwani³

et al. 2022

Oman Med J

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Objectives: Dengue fever (DF) is the most common arthropod-borne viral illness with significant public health implications that can cause severe clinical symptoms and possibly death. We sought to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients presented with DF to the Royal Hospital in a recent outbreak in Oman. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study between 1 January and 18 April 2022, at the Royal Hospital, Oman, including all patients who presented with febrile illness and laboratory-confirmed DF. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. Results: The cohort included 58 patients with laboratory-confirmed DF, of whom 39 (67.2%) required admission. The overall mean age was 41.0±20.0 years. Over half (55.2%) were females and the majority (86.2%) were Omani citizens. Eighty-one percent of the patients were residents of Bawshar in Muscat governorate. Dengue virus 2 was the isolated serotype. Fever (98.3%), muscular aches and pains (55.2%), and headache (53.4%) were the most common symptoms on presentation. All patients except two had no travel history. The most common comorbidities were hypertension (29.3%) and diabetes mellitus (17.2%). Upon admission, the most prominent hematological and biochemical abnormalities were severe thrombocytopenia (31.0%) with platelet counts of < 50 000/mm3 and hepatic impairment (15.5%). Antibiotics were prescribed to 27.6% of the patients. All patients improved clinically, and no deaths were reported during the study period. Conclusions: Fever and thrombocytopenia were the commonest presentations of DF. Identification of factors linked to increased risk of hospitalization in patients with DF can assist in recognizing individuals who need close monitoring and intensive support.

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Exploring the therapeutic potential of GC–MS separated compounds from Dracaena cinnabari against dengue virus and Aedes aegypti using in silico tools

Abutaha

Almutairi

2023

Journal of King Saud University - Science

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The epidemiology and incidence of dengue in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, during 2017-2019

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Detection of Dengue Virus From Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in Field-Caught Samples From Makkah Al-Mokarramah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Using RT-PCR

Detection of Dengue Virus From Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) in Field-Caught Samples From Makkah Al-Mokarramah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Using RT-PCR

Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Dengue Fever in a Recent Outbreak in Oman: A Single Center Retrospective-cohort Study

Exploring the therapeutic potential of GC–MS separated compounds from Dracaena cinnabari against dengue virus and Aedes aegypti using in silico tools

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