The Epidemiology and Effect of Sliding Injuries in Major and Minor League Baseball Players

Camp, Christopher L.; Curriero, Frank C.; Pollack, Keshia M.; Mayer, Stephanie W.; Spiker, Andrea M.; D’Angelo, John; Coleman, Struan H.

doi:10.1177/0363546517704835

Cited by 37 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Their incidence has been found to increase significantly, and it has been reported that between 25 and 33% of all MLB pitchers have had an MUCL reconstruction surgery at some point during their baseball careers [4•, 44, 45, 48]. Research has also been conducted to further characterize other clinically relevant injuries such as abdominal oblique injuries, lumbar spine injuries, and sliding-related injuries [49][50][51].…”

Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury Prevention in Baseball: from Youth to the Pros

Melugin

Leafblad

Camp

et al. 2018

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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Overuse is the predominant mechanism of injury in youth baseball players. Newer stretching and exercise protocols may help prevent these injuries. At the professional level, however, overuse has not been proven to correlate with increased injury incidence, but pitch counts are still monitored. There continues to be a rise in operations performed for baseball-related injuries, including ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, particularly in younger athletes. As the level of play increases, there is significant loss of participation due to injuries, such as the UCL in the upper extremity and the hamstrings in the lower extremity. Baseball is a widely popular sport, which has led to a focus on injury epidemiology and prevention. While the majority of research regarding baseball injuries focuses on pitchers, fielders and catchers are also at risk. In an attempt to decrease non-contact injuries in the upper and lower extremities, stretching and strengthening exercises are vitally important. Because injury profiles demonstrate significant variability from youth to professional baseball, unique prevention strategies are likely necessary at each level. More research is needed to develop and validate appropriately targeted injury prevention programs.

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Section: Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury Prevention in Baseball: from Youth to the Pros

Melugin

Leafblad

Camp

et al. 2018

Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med

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“…The HITS database has proven to be an excellent source for epidemiologic studies involving injuries in baseball, such as recent studies on abdominal oblique injuries, sliding injuries, elbow injuries, and hamstring strains. 1 , 5 , 6 , 9 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fracture Epidemiology in Professional Baseball From 2011 to 2017

Rubenstein

Allahabadi

Curriero

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: Fractures are a significant cause of missed time in Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MiLB). MLB and the MLB Players Association recently instituted rule changes to limit collisions at home plate and second base. Purpose: To evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of fractures in professional baseball and to assess the change in acute fracture incidence secondary to traumatic collisions at home plate and second base after the recently instituted rule changes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The MLB Health and Injury Tracking System (HITS) database was used to access injury information on MLB and MiLB players to analyze fracture data from 2011 to 2017. Injuries were included if the primary diagnosis was classified as a fracture in the HITS system in its International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes; injuries were excluded if they were not work related, if they occurred in the offseason, or if they were sustained by a nonplayer. The proportion of fractures occurring due to contact with the ground or another person in the relevant area of the field—home plate or second base—in the years before rule implementation was compared with the years after. Results: A total of 1798 fractures were identified: 342 among MLB players and 1456 among MiLB players. Mean time missed per fracture was 56.6 ± 48.4 days, with significantly less time missed in MLB (46.8 ± 47.7 days) compared with MiLB (59.0 ± 48.3 days) ( P < .0001). A 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni correction demonstrated that starting pitchers missed significantly more time due to fractures per injury than all other position groups ( P < .0001). Acute fractures due to contact with the ground or with another athlete were significantly decreased after rule implementation at home plate in 2014 (22 [3.0%] vs 14 [1.3%]; P = .015) and at second base in 2016 (90 [7.0%] vs 23 [4.5%]; P = .045). Conclusion: The recently instituted rule changes to reduce collisions between players at home plate and at second base are associated with reductions in the proportion of acute fractures in those areas on the field.

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“…While 43.7% of these injuries were due to head-first slides and 56.3% were from feet-first slides, injury rates were not significantly different between the two approaches. 4 On the other hand, in a season-long study of 10 high school baseball and nine softball teams, Stovak et al. 5 found injury rates were significantly higher with head-first than feet-first slides in baseball players, but not softball players.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Both head-first and feet-first slides demonstrate injury risk, 1 and multiple research studies 2–9 have examined injuries related to sliding in baseball and softball. For instance, Dick et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an epidemiological study of five seasons of injury surveillance data of Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball players, Camp et al. 4 found over 1600 sliding injuries resulted in time out of play, of which 8.2% required surgery. While 43.7% of these injuries were due to head-first slides and 56.3% were from feet-first slides, injury rates were not significantly different between the two approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Getting to first base: Running is faster than sliding in collegiate baseball and softball players

Haag

2020

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Previous research has shown no significant differences in time required to reach a base when sliding head-first or feet-first, but few studies have compared running through and sliding into first base in baseball players, and none have included softball players. The purpose of the present study was to examine differences in time required to reach first base when running, sliding head-first, and sliding feet-first. Twelve female collegiate softball players (20.0 ± 1.3 years old) and 14 male collegiate baseball players (20.6 ± 1.6 years old) performed three trials each of running, sliding head-first, and sliding feet-first in a randomized, counterbalanced order with 1–2 min of rest between each trial. Testing was conducted in an indoor practice facility and trials were timed using a dual-beam wireless infrared timing system. Significant differences between the three approaches were found for both softball ( p < .001) and baseball players ( p < .001), and follow-up pairwise comparisons showed running through the base was significantly faster than sliding head-first ( p = .001 for softball, p = .009 for baseball) and feet-first ( p < .001 for softball, p = .002 for baseball). Differences between sliding head-first and feet-first were not significant in either group. Running through first base is significantly faster than sliding in collegiate baseball and softball players. Sliding into first base should only be attempted when avoiding a tag from or a collision with a fielder.

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The Epidemiology and Effect of Sliding Injuries in Major and Minor League Baseball Players

Cited by 37 publications

References 13 publications

Injury Prevention in Baseball: from Youth to the Pros

Injury Prevention in Baseball: from Youth to the Pros

Fracture Epidemiology in Professional Baseball From 2011 to 2017

Getting to first base: Running is faster than sliding in collegiate baseball and softball players

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