The epidemiology and burden of Plasmodium falciparum-related anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa

Guyatt, Helen; Snow, Robert W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2001.64.36

Cited by 225 publications

(184 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3 Co-infection is of special concern for pregnant women, of whom there are an estimated 25 million at risk for malaria infection each year in hyper-endemic regions of sub-Saharan Africa. 4,5 The HIV-infected women may have reduced immunity to malaria infection and increased risk of placental malaria and clinical disease. 6,7 Conversely, co-infection with malaria is associated with increased maternal HIV viral load 8 and adverse health outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Malaria and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Rural Rwanda

Bulterys¹,

Chao²,

Dalai³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We conducted a nested case-control study of placental malaria (PM) and mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) within a prospective cohort of 627 mother-infant pairs followed from October 1989 until April 1994 in rural Rwanda. Sixty stored placentas were examined for PM and other placental pathology, comparing 20 HIV-infected mother-infant (perinatal transmitter) pairs, 20 HIV-uninfected pairs, and 20 HIV-infected mothers who did not transmit to their infant perinatally. Of 60 placentas examined, 45% showed evidence of PM. Placental malaria was associated with increased risk of MTCT of HIV-1 (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–29.1), especially among primigravidae (aOR = 12.0; 95% CI = 1.0–150; P < 0.05). Before antiretroviral therapy or prophylaxis, PM was associated with early infant HIV infection among rural Rwandan women living in a hyper-endemic malaria region. Primigravidae, among whom malaria tends to be most severe, may be at higher risk.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Malaria and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Rural Rwanda

Bulterys¹,

Chao²,

Dalai³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…[1][2][3] About 90% of these deaths occur in sub-Saharan Africa. 1 Each year, about 25 to 30 million pregnant women living in malaria endemic areas of Africa are affected; with about 10,000 maternal mortalities and 200,000 new born deaths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental malarial parasitaemia and pregnancy outcome among parturients in a tertiary hospital in South- South Nigeria

et al. 2015

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Background: Malaria is the most common human parasitic disease and continues to be a complex and overwhelming global health problem, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Placental malaria, one of the major features of malaria in pregnancy has been associated with serious adverse health consequences to both the mother and her fetus. Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental malarial parasitaemia at parturition, the association between maternal and placental parasitaemia, and also the association between placental parasitaemia and pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to study 330 pregnant women selected by the systematic random sampling technique as they presented in the labour ward of University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo between April, 2012 and September, 2012. Pre-delivery, maternal peripheral blood was taken for malaria parasite (MP) and packed cell volume (PCV). Post delivery, cord blood was taken for MP and PCV estimation while placental blood was examined for MP. Neonatal demographic and clinical characteristics were also obtained. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Level of statistical significance was set at P less than 0.05 (P < 0.05). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 28.8 ± 4.4 years. The prevalence of maternal, cord, and placental parasitaemia were 30.3%, 14.8% and 18.2% respectively. There was a strong correlation between maternal parasitaemia and placental parasitaemia (rho = 0.75, P< 0.001). Also, a significant linear association between cord parasitaemia and placental malaria (rho = 0.87, p< 0.001) was found. Placental malaria predisposed to low birth weight (OR 1.01{95%CI 1.001 – 1.02}, p = 0.04) and fetal anaemia (OR 1.02{95%CI 1.01 – 1.03}, p < 0.001. Conclusion: There is a relatively high prevalence of placental parasitaemia at parturition. Placental malaria is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birth weight, fetal anaemia and cord parasitaemia. Proven strategies to prevent malaria in pregnancy such as use of ITNs and IPT and free antenatal care should be intensified to curb this deadly but preventable disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i6.12401Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(6) 2015 53-59

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“…1,2 In areas with stable malaria transmission, which represents most of sub-Saharan Africa, the vast majority of infections with Plasmodium falciparum in pregnancy remain asymptomatic, undetected and untreated. 3,4 The major impact of malaria during pregnancy in these regions is caused by persistent or recurrent, predominantly lowgrade, sometimes sub-patent [5][6][7] parasitemia, resulting in maternal anemia and a reduced birth weight.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Malaria During Pregnancy by Permethrin-Treated Bed Nets in an Area of Intense Perennial Malaria Transmission in Western Kenya

Kuile¹,

Terlouw²,

Phillips‐Howard³

et al. 2003

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The impact of insecticide (permethrin)-treated bed nets (ITNs) on malaria in pregnancy was studied in a rural area in western Kenya with intense perennial malaria transmission. All households in 40 of 79 villages were randomized to receive ITNs by January 1997. The ITNs were distributed in control villages two years later. Complete data on birth outcome were available on 2,754 (89.6%) of 3,072 deliveries. Women (n ‫ס‬ 780) were followed monthly throughout pregnancy in 19 of 79 villages. Among gravidae 1-4, ITNs were associated with reductions of 38% (95% confidence interval [CI] ‫ס‬ 17-54%) in the incidence of malaria parasitemia and 47% (95% CI ‫ס‬ 6-71%) in the incidence of severe malarial anemia (hemoglobin level < 8 g/dL with parasitemia) during pregnancy. At the time of delivery, mean hemoglobin levels were 0.6 g/dL (95% CI ‫ס‬ 0.01-1.2 g/dL) higher, the prevalence of placental or maternal malaria was reduced by 35% (95% CI ‫ס‬ 20-47%), and the prevalence of low birth weight was reduced by 28% (95% CI ‫ס‬ 2-47%) in gravidae 1-4 from ITN villages. No beneficial impact was observed in gravidae five or higher. In areas of intense perennial malaria transmission, permethrin-treated bed nets reduce the adverse effect of malaria during the first four pregnancies.

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The epidemiology and burden of Plasmodium falciparum-related anemia among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa

Cited by 225 publications

References 39 publications

Placental Malaria and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Rural Rwanda

Placental Malaria and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Rural Rwanda

Placental malarial parasitaemia and pregnancy outcome among parturients in a tertiary hospital in South- South Nigeria

Reduction of Malaria During Pregnancy by Permethrin-Treated Bed Nets in an Area of Intense Perennial Malaria Transmission in Western Kenya

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