The Epidemiological Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Diseases in Kazakhstan

Aikimbayev, Alim; Bekenov, Jumabek Y.; Мека-Меченко, Т. В.; Temiraliyeva, Gulnara A.

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-9637-1_2

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…2 Outcome of infection is improved by early diagnosis followed by appropriate antibiotic therapy. 1,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Raising awareness among health care providers, environmental health specialists, and the public in areas where transmission to humans is most likely to occur could aid in prevention and control of plague in Africa. In the United States, fine-scale spatial risk models have been constructed to identify areas posing the greatest threat to humans within key plague foci such as the Four Corners Area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Risk Models for Human Plague in the West Nile Region of Uganda

Winters

Staples²,

Ogen-Odoi³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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The West Nile region of Uganda represents an epidemiologic focus for human plague in east Africa. However, limited capacity for diagnostic laboratory testing means few clinically diagnosed cases are confirmed and the true burden of disease is undetermined. The aims of the study were 1) describe the spatial distribution of clinical plague cases in the region, 2) identify ecologic correlates of incidence, and 3) incorporate these variables into predictive models that define areas of plague risk. The model explained 74% of the incidence variation and revealed that cases were more common above 1,300 m than below. Remotely-sensed variables associated with differences in soil or vegetation were also identified as incidence predictors. The study demonstrated that plague incidence can be modeled at parish-level scale based on environmental variables and identified parishes where cases may be under-reported and enhanced surveillance and preventative measures may be implemented to decrease the burden of plague.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Risk Models for Human Plague in the West Nile Region of Uganda

Winters

Staples²,

Ogen-Odoi³

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In Kazakhstan, the plague enzootic area is 1,007,350 km 2 wide (Fig 1). KSCQZD (M. Aikimbayev’s Kazakh Scientific Center for Quarantine and Zoonotic Diseases) and anti-plague stations carry out the plague surveillance of this territory [14]. The LWC vaccine EV 76 NIIEG is used for plague prophylaxis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human response to live plague vaccine EV, Almaty region, Kazakhstan, 2014-2015

Sagiyev

Berdibekov²,

Bolger³

et al. 2019

PLoS ONE

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Background In Kazakhstan, a live plague vaccine EV 76 NIIEG has been used for plague prophylaxis since the mid-1930s. Vaccination is administered yearly among people living in plague-enzootic areas. Similar practices are used in other former Soviet Union countries. Yet, to this day, the effectiveness period of the vaccine is unknown. It is also not clear how different factors can affect the effectiveness of the vaccine over time. Methods We surveyed changes in antibody levels specific for F1 antigens of Yersinia pestis among vaccinated people 4, 8, and 12 months post- vaccination. Blood samples were taken from the participants of the study for producing sera, which was later analyzed using indirect hemagglutination reaction with antigenic erythrocyte assay (micromethod) for identifying antibodies to F1 Y . pestis . Results In first-time-receivers of the plague vaccine, antibody titer reached the highest level of antibody that represents a conditionally protective titer after 4 months, dropped drastically after 8 months, and dropped again after 12 months. Similar results were obtained among those who have been vaccinated previously. However, in that group, the percentage of people with a level of antibody that represents a conditionally protective titer remained statistically significant even after 8 and 12 months. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, we recommend initiating vaccination campaigns for the medical and veterinary staff, as well as the general population four months prior to the springtime epizootics of plague among wild rodents.

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“…Чума остаётся одной из самых опасных инфекционных болезней. Современный период характеризуется повышением эпизоотической активности в ряде природных очагов чумы [1,2,3], возрастанием вероятности распространения инфекции на энзоотичной территории и риска диссеминации чумы за её пределы [4,5]. Всё это обусловливает особое внимание к вопросам противодействия распространения и профилактики болезни.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Experience of Using a Complex Antigenic Preparation of the Plague Microbe to Assess the Severity of a Specific Anti-Plague Response

Дубровина

Korytov

Pyatidesyatnikova

et al. 2021

Acta biomedica scientifica

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Background. Improving the methodology of immunological monitoring in natural foci of plague in the Russian Federation and adjacent territories to increase the effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance of plague is an urgent line of research. The lack of correlation between the production of specific antibodies to the capsular antigen (F1) ofthe plague microbe with other indicators of the state of cellular defense reactivity indicates the need to search for new informative and accessible markers for assessing anti-plague immunity.Objective: to evaluate possibility of using the complex preparation (F1 and cell membranes) evaluate the possibilities of using an artificial antigenic complex based on F1 and cell membranes (CM) of the plague microbe in antigen-specific tests in vitro in people vaccinated against plague.resu. The study involved 153 volunteers living in the territory enzootic for plague (the village of Khandagayty ofthe Ovyur kozhuun of the Tyva Republic and the village of Kosh-Agach of the Kosh-Agach district of the Altai Republic). The study included the determination of spontaneous and mitogen-induced production of cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, TNF-α) by blood cells, titers of specific IgG antibodies to the capsular antigen F1 of the plague microbe and concentrations ofthe main classes of immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) in blood serum, as well as immunophenotyping of blood lymphocytes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19).Results. Comparative assessment of the level of cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4) in spontaneous/induced F1+CM Y. pestis tests revealed a statistically significant increase in the production of cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ in the antigeninduced tests compared with spontaneous (p < 0.01).Conclusion. Thus, the effectiveness of the use of artificial antigenic complex based on F1 and cell membranes ofthe plague microbe has been shown to assess the production of cytokines in antigen-specific cell tests in vitro, which justifies the need for further research.

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The Epidemiological Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Diseases in Kazakhstan

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Spatial Risk Models for Human Plague in the West Nile Region of Uganda

Spatial Risk Models for Human Plague in the West Nile Region of Uganda

Human response to live plague vaccine EV, Almaty region, Kazakhstan, 2014-2015

Experience of Using a Complex Antigenic Preparation of the Plague Microbe to Assess the Severity of a Specific Anti-Plague Response

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